Social Policy is a Pluralistic Process. - 973 Words

Introduction This assignment deals with the significance involvement of the pluralistic process in making of social policy. The essay is divided into four main sections. It will first define the key terms as: social policy, pluralism, welfare; and describe the role of the social policy, pluralism, but also to make connection between this terms and their ideology. It will then go on to consider how social policy gets made; it can assess the extent to which different ideas actually become social policy. The different models will help to judge the relative influence of different groups with their different ideas. The third part compares the early social policy with the contemporary social policy and the pluralism with the other ‘Power Models’ of democracy in practice. Finally, some conclusions will be drawn as to sum up the main points of the essay presented and toke a particular position to express some of my opinions. Main Body First of all ‘social policy entails the study of the social relations necessary for human wellbeing and the systems by which wellbeing may be promoted’ (Dean, 2006: 1). A more explicit description is that social policy is a policy that deals with various social issues. Such issues may involve cultures, discrimination against race and gender and diseases that are stigmatized among many others. Next the term ‘pluralism’ is basically the distribution of power in society; itShow MoreRelatedSocial And Natural Resource Issues765 Words   |  4 PagesFor this week’s forum, I hold the view of a normative pluralistic which relates the environmental and natural resource issue of irreversible changes caused by negative consequences for a healthy planet. Normative pluralism is considered not to be as radical as the belief of a fundamentalist pluralist. Formally, a normative pluralist assumes that there is a plurality of bearers of value (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2011). The irreversible changes caused by negative consequences for a healthyRead MoreCall to Renewal Address: Barack Obama1246 Words   |  5 Pageshis speech, Obama recommends a middle ground between these two views, in which â€Å"the religiously motivated translate their concerns into universal, rather than religion-specific, values† (7), as the only way to connect religion and politics in a â€Å"pluralistic democracy† (7). This attempt, motivated in part by the role of religion in his own upbringing, is his way to â€Å"bridge the gaps that exist and overcome the prejudices each of us bring† to debates in which â€Å"faith [is] used as a tool of attack, †¦ toRead MoreInternational Research Symposium Accounting Information System1494 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch needs to start by involving pluralistic visions of reality as a foundation for design , implementation and evaluation of systems and their outputs. A example that we can consi der is to expand the scope of the information systems beyond economic sustainability to include social and environmental sustainability and consistencies (D.J. Dillard Brown, 2005). Research associated with designing, implementing and evaluating such systems requires a new pluralistic way of approaching a problem, in orderRead MoreNotes On The And Vicious Circle1206 Words   |  5 Pagesfavorable results, a vicious circle has negative results.) For a virtuous circle, Great Britain was an important example. The rule of law became possible after the Glorious Revolution. It was a cycle that Rule of law support pluralistic political institution, in return pluralistic political institutions support pluralism. It is this cycle that supported the economic institutions during the early eighteen centuries where the rule of law made the investment possible. When investors find a place that theyRead MoreGender Relations During The Iranian Revolution1664 Words   |  7 Pages The subject of gender relations in Iran has been a contentious social issue and has become more controversial since the Iranian Revolution of 1979. Mainstream news outlets such as CNN and BBC have reported that the â€Å"Islamization† that followed the Islamic Republic has led to a reversal of women’s rights in Iran (Nia 2010; BBC 2009). The policies pursued by the Islamic Republic have, however, â€Å"facilitated education, mobilization, and parti cipation† for many women within the context of the countryRead MoreLimits of Policy-Making1952 Words   |  8 Pagessociety, policy makers face many limitations in the policy-making process. The biggest limitation to date is the ever-increasing pluralistic values inherent in society. A pluralistic approach can be defined as â€Å"different groups†¦ in society are divided by ideology, economic and cultural factors; all seeking to have their interests reflected in public policy†1 These competing interests from such groups as politicians, interest groups and the media play a big role in the outcomes of policy making.Read MoreWebers Theory on Social Stratification Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesWebers Theory on Social Stratification Webers theory of a society is based in three main factors: class, status, and power. Material is an economic order formed by unequal distribution of material things. Classes are formed according to skill to produce and ability to buy in the market. Any person can belong to any class regardless of color, race, or religion. In short it can be said that people with the most are at the top of the economic order and people with the least areRead MorePolitical Stability1116 Words   |  5 Pagesfeeling of people towards political system. The dismemberment of East Pakistan and present situation in Sindh and balochistan is occurring due to the identity crisis. Identity crisis mostly occurs in pluralistic societies in the form of ethnic, language and religious differences. Pakistan is also a pluralistic society thats why politically instability becomes more serious in Pakistan and the role of our leaders becomes more important than any other factor. In Pakistan there is also a problem of dysfunctionRead MoreThe Psychology Behind The Paul O Neal Shooting Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesbe considered as solely driven by escaping the aversive stimuli. Furthermore, some of the very stimuli that O’Neal sought to escape from, specifically the shots being fired, came together through what can be described as a collective byproduct of social influence. The ABC7 article (2016) describes how the chain reaction of shots came to be: â€Å"The officer who fired the fatal shots thought O Neal had fired on the officers who were first on the scene. O Neal was unarmed. The shots that officer andRead MoreHealth Care Reform Debate the Pluralistic Prespective1049 Words   |  5 PagesAna Sakalis SOC 335 Prof. K. Bentele February 24, 2012 Health Care Reform Debate The Pluralistic Perspective In this paper I will explain how the portion of the health care debate I chose would be classified under this pluralist framework of government. First I will explain the definition of the pluralist view of how government is structured. Then I will explain a bit of what portion of the healthcare reform under president Obama’s administration I chose to write about and in conclusion

Critical Analysis Of Victor Frankenstein - 1701 Words

A classic and massive success of the romantic era, Frankenstein took the world by storm. Written by a female author and containing elements of an anti-hero and a conflicted protagonist, it was a strong novel for its genre and new to many readers. While it may have been the theme for the gothic period, this book was definitely outstanding from the rest. Seeing that its main character, Victor Frankenstein, goes through many stages of his life and changes over time, we can assume that his counterpart, the monster itself, does the same. But there was always a question of who the real monster is, and that becomes a controversy. Both characters have elements of an antagonist, but for the most part, readers are persuaded to lean towards Victor’s†¦show more content†¦This poses another question when comparing Victor and his monster. Do we base â€Å"monstrosity† from appearance or actions? And if actions, since once created another, whose actions would it really be? In the end, this remains unanswered, and all readers have the right to take sides. I, however, based on the characters’ flaws and actions, have found the true answer, the solution to this proposition. The real monster in Frankenstein is Victor, and if anyone is to be destroyed it should be him, not his creation which we call â€Å"monster†. In the world of dead people coming back to life, the appropriate reaction to such things is something readers do not often think about. For example, when the monster enters a hovel of an old man, before meeting the cottagers, his appearance sets the man on a run, a negative reaction. Shelley writes, â€Å"... perceiving me, shrieked loudly, and, quitting the hut, ran†¦ his flight, somewhat surprised me,† (89). This is one of the earliest human characteristics he observes, and it has one of the biggest impacts. Now, speaking specifically about Victor’s reaction, it gets slightly more complicated. Victor Frankenstein is the creator of the monster and should, morally speaking, take responsibility and care for it. But instead, he does the exact opposite, leaving it to die and not breathing a word of it to anyone at all. This attitude shows only one of the flaws in Victor, who happens to be the realShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein as a Gothic Novel Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesTragic wanderers, ominous atmosphere, symbolism, and themes: these are elements of a Gothic novel. Though Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, written in the early 19th century, certainly contains many components of a Gothic novel, can it be correctly grouped under that genre? A definition of a Gothic novel; according to Tracy, is a description of a fallen world. We experience this fallen world though the aspects of a novel: plot, setting, characterization, and theme (De Vore, Domenic, Kwan and Reidy)Read MorePortrayal Of Women In Frankenstein1096 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley s Frankenstein is one of the most iconic classic works of fiction from the nineteenth century. Frankenstein tells the tale of Victor Frankenstein’s creation of a living monster. Contrary to popular belief, the monster was not given a name by Frankenstein and is only referred to as â€Å"the monster† throughout the story. While it may seem like a simple, classic horror story on the surface, when analyzed more closely, Frankenstein reveals not only many mythological and religious referencesRead MoreFrankenstein: Abandonment Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenchild: Critical Analysis Paper Abandonment indicates a parent’s choice to have no part in his or her offspring’s life. This includes failure to support the child financially and emotionally, as well as failure to develop a relationship with his or her child. Sadly, parental abandonment leaves a child with doubt and uncertainty about the future. Throughout his or her life, this particular child could suffer from lasting questions of self-worth. In the opposite direction, the child couldRead MorePersonal Influences In Frankenstein892 Words   |  4 Pagesnovelist who was famous for her work of Frankenstein. The idea of Frankenstein was written based on a dream of an anonymous person creating a new man with human body parts. It was published on January 1, 1818, it illustrates most of her background on the main character Victor, Frankenstein.The book is consisted of characters feelings and complexity. Mary wrote it at the age of nineteen, influenced by the radical movement and her parents. The work of Frankenstein is gothic that is based on science fictionRead MoreFrankenstein : Emotionally Bound By Mary Shelley1745 Words   |  7 PagesVictor Frankenstein: Emotionally Bound The creation of life is an extraordinary event which humanity usually attributes to the work of a higher being. Because of this common belief, Mary Shelley’s: Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus often triggers mixed feelings when human Victor Frankenstein experiments and creates the creature known as Frankenstein or Frankenstein’s monster. While it cannot be denied that this accomplishment is impressive, Victor’s right to form life, being a mortal himselfRead MoreFrankenstein1237 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Literature: Frankenstein Essay Frankenstein is a gothic horror novel that was written by Mary Shelly and was published in 1818, when gothic aesthetic, romanticism and science were beginning to spike in western culture. The novel follows the story of Victor Frankenstein in creating a monster which causes destruction around him, as Victor had ambition and thirst to reveal the secrets of nature. The novel could be viewed as a warning to the readers and audience about having a greed for knowledgeRead MoreBiblical Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1376 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature 16 November 2015 Biblical Analysis: Frankenstein Frankenstein by Mary Shelley often refers to the bible on a number of occasions. However, it is worth noting that many references used by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein can often be identified in Genesis. Much like Genesis, the story of Frankenstein is a viable creation story. The book of Genesis first explains the creation of man and woman, and also recounts the fall of humanity. Unlike Genesis, Frankenstein begins with the fall of humanityRead MoreFrankenstein as Anti-Hero Character1578 Words   |  7 PagesSUCI HANIFAH LITERARY CRITICISM II EDRIA SANDIKA/MARLIZA YENI 8 MAY 2013 Frankenstein as Anti Hero Character A women who wrote â€Å"Frankenstein† named, Mary Shelley, she was born August 30, 1797, in London, England. Mary Shelley came from a rich literary heritage. She was the daughter of William Godwin, a political theorist, novelist, and publisher. Her ideas to write Frankenstein cameon summer of 1816, Mary and his brother Percy visited the poet Lord Byron at his villa beside Lake Geneva in SwitzerlandRead MoreLanguage And Literature Courses And Ap U.s. History1281 Words   |  6 Pagesstructure along with metaphors and imagery I was able to identify Strafford’s overarching idea of life’s inevitability—death. Before English 1102 I was unfamiliar with the process of a poetry explication; I struggled to find the difference between analysis and explication. In â€Å"Traveling through the Dark,† I looked past the author’s universal message and sought meaning in the enjambments, imagery, and metaphors. I employed the form of the explication beautiful ly and my reading of the poem was thoroughRead MoreThe Romantic Movement Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1934 Words   |  8 Pagesdid I solicit thee From darkness to promote me?† (Important Quotes Explained). With Frankenstein being written in the early 19th century, the Romantic movement, being as popular as ever, was clearly evident in Shelley’s writings. Shelley’s mom, an active feminist, died during childbirth, leaving Mary to grow up with a radical political philosopher and novelist, William Godwin, as her father. Victor Frankenstein, the main character, has a strong desire for the pursuit of knowledge, which he eventually

Analysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem, Mother And Son

The Splintered Staircase Life sometimes hits below the belt, life is not always easy. As Langston Hughes states in â€Å"mother and son life is not a crystal stair. With his brilliant writing, Hughes conveys to the reader to never giving up just because something is not easy (Langston2). In the poem â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes. It seems that Langston Hughes wants the readers to understand that yeah life may be hard, but you have to get through it. One cannot give up just because things are not going their way. The mother explains how she has also endured difficult times, but she pushed through it and came out the other side a stronger and better person. She also lets her son know that sometimes a person has to go into the darkness to find the light within them self. The mother tells her son â€Å"So boy, don’t you turn back. Don’t you set down on the steps, Cause you finds it’s kinder hard.†(Langston 14-16). She gives a very important life lesson which is he sh ould not let the cruelness of this wicked world slow him down. If a person wants something in life they should go after it no if, ands or buts about it. It appears that Langston Hughes message in the poem is to be optimistic when dealing with hard times and how the struggles of everyday life should not prevent you from accomplishing more in life. The line Life for me ain t been no crystal stair. (Langston 2) was stated in the start and the conclusion of the poem. It makes it clear to the reader that the mother hasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mother To Son By Langston Hughes768 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage Arts ï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½Grade:ï ¿ ½ Six    Standard:ï ¿ ½ #3:ï ¿ ½ Literary Response and Analysis    Key Concept:ï ¿ ½ Students respond to tone and meaning that are conveyed in poetry through word choice, figurative language, line length, punctuation, rhythm, alliteration, and rhyme.    Generalization:ï ¿ ½ Students respond to poetic language in Mother to Son by Langston Hughes.    Background:ï ¿ ½ Students have been working on a poetry unit and have been studying how the elements of poetryRead MorePoem Analysis : Langston Hughes Poem1258 Words   |  6 Pages Research Paper and Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes Poem Analysis: Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"Mother To Son† is a twenty line poem that seems to be from the perspective of a prudent mother that is giving her son, and possibly the readers, some helpful and supportive advice, telling them that, no matter how many adversities they may face, they can not give up. I believe that this is the main theme of the poem, perseverance. â€Å"So, boy, don’t you turn back./ Don’t you set down on the steps./ ‘Cause youRead MoreJames Langston Hughes And Countee Cullen934 Words   |  4 Pages James Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen were prominent poets. These poets were at the time of the Harlem Renaissance during the 20th century. Hughes and Cullen wrote for others to understand the stories of African-Americans living in the United State. These men had differences in their writing, but one mutual objective. James Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri on February 1, 1902. Hughes began writing poetry when he lived in Lincoln, Illinois. The Weary Blues was his first book of poetryRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings And Still I Rise By Maya Angelou1517 Words   |  7 PagesPoems of Color The poems â€Å" I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† and â€Å"Still I Rise† by Maya Angelou are both poems that speak on the issues of the mistreatment of African Americans, and how these challenges were created simply by the color of one’s skin and overcome. While the poems â€Å"Mother To Son† and â€Å" Dreams† by Langston Hughes refer to the hopes of African Americans for a better standard of living, and the consequences of departing from these dreams of bettering themselves. This comparison ofRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Gwendolyn Brooks s The Bean Eaters 1907 Words   |  8 Pagesincreasingly polemical declarations of black pride and African cultural nationalism. Biographical Information Born in Topeka, Kansas, Brooks was raised in the poor South Side section of Chicago with her parents; her mother abandoned teaching for marriage and motherhood, and her father, the son of a runaway slave who fought in the Civil War, gave up his ambition to attend medical school to work as a janitor. Out of the loving security of her home, Brooks experienced racial prejudice early in grade schoolRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesand John Locke: Late 1600s 8 3. Beginning of Children’s Literature: Late 1700s 10 4. Fairy and Folk Tales 12 The Golden Age of Children’s Literature: Late 1800s 12 5. Victorian Childrens Literature 16 6. Contemporary Childrens Literature 18 6. Analysis of Harry Potters’ series 21 7. Conclusion 30 8. Summary 31 Children’s Literature Definitions 31 The Ancient World [ancient Rome; 50 BCE to 500 CE] 31 The Middle Ages [500 to 1500 CE] 31 The European Renaissance [1500-1650 CE] 32 The 17th CenturyRead MoreTEFL Assignment Answers23344 Words   |  94 Pagesbackground. My degrees are in Rhetoric Intercultural Communication---and Speech Communication. Human Communication and Rhetorical Studies are my specialty; so to speak. Module 1.5 describes CLT as a method that â€Å"emphasizes the language learner s ability to communicate functions, such as making requests, accepting offers, describing, and expressing preferences. This approach stresses learning language through task assignment and problem solving and is less concerned with accuracy than with fluency†

SMEs in Oman Lending Requirements and Poor Management

Question: Discuss about theSMEs in Oman: Lending Requirements and Poor Management. Answer: Introduction The Oman SMEs are important drivers of the economy. However, the Oman SMEs face challenges in acquiring adequate funds. Oman face such challenges as need for collateral, conditional lending requirements and poor management of cash follow and ability to make scheduled repayment. Nevertheless, Oman SMEs have a range of sources to acquire funds including government support through Sanad Programmme, funds created by the government through MoCI (SMEs Development Fund) and Sharakah Fund for Development of Oman youth projects. Oman SMEs have also benefited from Esthmar Venture Capital and long term loans through Oman Arab Bank via Tomouhi Programme and Intilaaqah Enterprise Fund (IEF). The Oman government has created Oman SMEs Development Fund to fund the SMEs in Oman. Evaluation of Various Sources of Finance Available For Oman SME's Government Assistance in General without Naming any Specific Fund The Sanad Programmme within the Ministry of Manpower (MoM) was established by the government in 2001 to offer financial support to the SMEs during their formative years. Sanad assists SMEs through soft loans, besides mentorship and helping with government services. The programme gives loans at favorable interest rate of 2% thanks to government subsidies thereby reducing the borrowing cost as well as risk for SMEs. The Sanads SMEs approved applicants get their funding via the Oman Development Bank. The government has created funds through MoCI in April 2012 by establishing SME Development Fund managed by National Company for Projects and Management (NCPM). Sharakah Fund for Development of Youth Projects has also worked in handy with MoCI and Sanad established in 1988 by royal decree thereby helping youths to undertake their business ideas. Via the collaboration between the Director General of the SMEs the United States Small Business Administration and the MEPI, the LGP provides eighty percent guarantees for SMES loans up to $650,000 with the rate of interest ranging from 3.4- to 4.3 percent. Venture Capital with Specific Oman Venture Capital Company (Ethmar) is being seed funded by Al Raffd Fund. The funding of a target capital of RO 10 million. The board of directors represented by shareholders have been mandated to manage the funds. Esthmar has invested in equity of high growth potential private sector start-ups SMEs. It has only cultivated a culture of innovation, promoted new ideas, provided a platform for expanding regionally as well as eventually stimulated the creation of jobs in Oman. It has targeted opportunities in the SMEs sector in Oman. The fund has preferred such sectors as oil and gas, agribusiness, retail, tourism and information technology. Ethmar has invested in early stage companies which exhibit a clear path to growth as well as profitability and with competitive advantage alongside those that can compete locally, regionally and even internationally with a minimum requirement for investment of RO 100,000 and a maximum of 10% of the paid up capital of Ethmar that is RO 1 million. Ethmars promoted had invested the application of various SMEs in 2015 and considered them for potential funding. Three promoters were selected for funding including Najah Salim al Abdulsalam (communicate-hearing assessment, diagnosis, and speech therapy services), Mansoor al Mahrouqi, Ahmed ali Salim al Mahrouqi (Victoria Lake-oil and gas services) as well as Munther al Battash (Ruken Al Pizza-food and beverage company). Long Term Loans The Oman Arab Bank that is owned 51% by the Oman International Development and Investment Company and 49% by Arab Bank has commenced a new programme for the SMEs financing. The programme is called Tomouhi or my ambition. This fund works in partnership with the MoCI and Oman Development Banks loan guarantee programme. Moreover, BankMuscat has financing design particularly for SMEs in Oman and have been additionally joined by many private funds. Intilaaqah Enterprise Fund (IEF) which is a $17 million fund has been designed to stimulate SMEs among Oman youths through the provision of funds, business development services as well as guidance. Oman-based Al Anwar Holding is offering a more traditional private-equity approach to Oman SMEs. It is publicly traded on the Muscat Securities Market. It is a for-profit institution investing in its specialty sectors. The Oman SMEs also get funds from long term loans particularly from the banks. Apart from equity and owners finance, almost eighteen percent of small and medium firms acquire capital from banks and other financial institutions. These institutions give finance to small and medium businesses under specific terms. Unlike equity, banks and other institutional borrowings have got immediate reflections on the cash flow. Credit acquired from banks and other financial institutions are subjected to interests which sometimes become a challenge to small businesses. Even though the interest rate is high most of small and medium size businesses still depend on bank loan for expansion and growth. Angel Investors Angel investors are also noticed to be very important source of capital and finance to small and medium size enterprises in Oman. Angel investors are rich individuals who are always willing to venture into various businesses.[1] They have provided financial support to various small and medium size enterprises in Oman. They enter into various organizations either as partners or as financiers. Angel investors invest largely into the economy by starting various small businesses and financing others as well.[2] Problems and Challenges Asymmetric Information The Small and Medium Enterprises also face a challenge of asymmetric information which complicates the process by which they select among the range of sources available for funding. With the limited information available for the SMEs, there is an increasing difficulty facing SMEs to arrive at the ideal method to choose the best financing alternatives.[3] The information asymmetry thus make the Oman SMEs to embrace the old pecking theory thereby preferring internal financing like cash flows from their business instead of external financing like loan from banks hence limiting their ability to benefit from the economies of scale. Conditional Lending Requirements Oman SMEs financing face challenges related to a range of government entities based on conditional lending. This condition lending requires the beneficiaries of the loans to purchase a given equipment from a particular agent or purchase needed supplies from a pre-determined agents.[4] The practice remains contradictory to the principle of entrepreneurship and more significantly, it prohibits beneficiaries of the loan to run the business in a cost-effective as well as flexible manner as a result of these complications. The SMEs thus do not have the freedom to choose vendors and suppliers locally or abroad. Requirement of Collateral Banks require SMEs to provide collateral as security before being approved for loans. SMEs hence have less access to bank credit compared to large enterprises. Banks in Oman still practice the traditional way of lending SMEs against collateral which makes the SMEs to be underfinanced. The current procedure in the banking sector allows banks to categorize any business loan as either a non-paid loan in case the SMEs fails to service the loan for ninety days. The banks get it easy to take non-payment cases to the court for recovery of the lent amount making thereby inflicting fears on SMEs to seek out for bank loans. This is because these kinds of loans remain backed by valuable collaterals like lands, retirement wages as well as business itself. The ninety day- non-payment periods is harsh to the SMEs and should be extended to the one-eighty days. Banks Hesitant to Lend The IMF and World Bank studies have shown that Oman banking sectors face various challenges from both demand and supply side which confine the extension of its lending to the SMEs. On the supply side, the restricted competition among the banks and a high margin needed from lending to consumers that provide little incentives for banks to give lending to SMEs given the high inherent risk linked to SMEs.[5] Banks in Oman have invested little resources needed in the examination of SMEs credit risk as well as credit evaluation tools. On the demand side, the studies have shown that SMEs present banks with restricted pool of viable projects. There also seems to be a lack of transparency as well as management expertise alongside prevailing poor financial infrastructure which together offer little incentives for banks to extend lending to SMEs in Oman. Poor Management of Cash Flows and Inability to Make Scheduled Loan Repayment Small and Medium Enterprise face challenges in their management of cash flows as well as ability to make scheduled repayment of loans to the banks. These challenges stems from delayed payments SMEs face in dealing with the agencies of government as well as large firms to which deliver services via contractual agreements. The challenge besides other problems linked to the SMEs sector adversely affect the operations of the Oman SMEs. The failure of SMEs to meet the scheduled repayment to the banks results from the fact the even SMEs that have succeeded face various challenges in regards to cash flow. The SMEs sometimes provide services to the government entities as well as large firms that do not honor their timely payment particularly in government payments. Accordingly, the problem translates into cash flow problems for SMEs in Oman and by subsequently adversely affect their scheduled loans repayment to the banks. High Cost of Undertaking Professional Feasibility Studies Oman SMEs also face high cost of conducting professional feasibility studies as well as lack of collateral required to obtain a line of credit. These two challenges have left the Oman Development Bank (ODP) as the primary lender in the Oman SMEs sector. The ODB business model is anchored on low cost of funding (government equity) in collaboration with vast interest rate subsidies employed to the long-term loans it extends.[6] The IMF and World Bank have pointed out that the prevalence low rates of interest from ODB has crowd out the long-run lending to SMEs from the commercial banks. Suggestion for SMES and Financial Institution to Smoothen Financial Flow SMEs play a key role in the development of the Oman economies and there is a need to appreciate the attempts that SMEs make to boost the economy across all sectors. Some of the suggestion include: The government needs to put more emphasis to explore the opportunities presented by the SMEs and grow the economy by a double digit. Accordingly, some of the key suggestion through which the government can intervene is by promoting and helping the SMEs to create efficient business plans which will convince the banks and other financial institutions to fund the SMEs. Maintenance of detailed accounting finance records should also be encouraged so as to avail the required information by the financial institution to show the repayment records of SMEs to help the banks have trust of repayment within the schedule. The government should also ensure that both banks and other financial institutions reduce the currently hiked cost of transactions as well as bureaucratic procedures that discourage the SMEs from considering debt financing.[7] There is also a need to use the government sources for soft loans including the Sharaqah, Sanad and Intalaqah instead of commercial banks. This will stimulate the acquisition of these soft loans by the SMEs that cannot give collateral required by the commercial banks. In so doing, the SMEs will boost their capital base and benefit from the economies of scale hence fastening the Oman economic growth. What the Government has done The government of Oman has already created Oman SMEs Development Fund that directly go to SMEs. This exemplary step has been undertaken to strengthen the SMES industry to boost the SMEs growth from the current beginning growth curve of Oman SMEs sector. The government has also engaged in exclusive SMEs development symposium that took place in Seeh Al Shamikhat, Balm, much has changed in Oman SMEs sector. The government is using these symposium to create an enabling environment for the SMEs as a mechanism to provide employment opportunities for the youth. Conclusion The SMEs in Oman in taking the center stage and they are growing at an escalated rate. The government has taken various steps including the creation of SMEs Development Fund an organized various symposium to create enabling environment for the SMEs growth. SMEs will greatly contribute to the economic growth of the Oman economy and banks and other financial need to avail funds to these enterprises without need for collateral to facilitate this growth.[8] This will in turn lead an increased in the GDP of the Oma which will also benefit the Oman banks and other lending intuitions. References Ashrafi, Rafi, and Muhammad Murtaza. "ICT adoption in SME in an Arab GCC Country Oman." E-strategies for Resource Management Systems: Planning and Implementation (2010): 371-376. Ashrafi, Rafi, and Muhammed Murtaza. "Use and Impact of ICT on SMEs in Oman." Electronic Journal Information Systems Evaluation 11, no. 3 (2008): 125-138. Magd, Hesham AE, and Mark P. McCoy. "Entrepreneurship in Oman: Paving the Way for a Sustainable Future." Procedia Economics and Finance 15 (2014): 1632-1640. Ongori, Henry, and Stephen O. Migiro. "Information and communication technologies adoption in SMEs: literature review." Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship 2, no. 1 (2010): 93-104. Oni, Emmanuel O., and A. A. Daniya. "Development of small and medium scale enterprises: The role of government and other financial institutions." Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter) Vol 1 (2012).