Renaissance and Reformation

spiritual rebirth and Reformation Test Humanism- Classical texts from the Greek and Roman culture forego to humanism. Humanism focused on human potential and achievements. People stopped worrying about Christian commandments. Influenced artists and architects. History, Literature, and Philosophy are humanities subjects. Secular- People became concerned with the here and now Predestination- Callings book/doctrine Institutes of the Christian Religion reconciles that e realone is sinful by nature and God has cognize from the beginning who he will save. Council of course of study- pontiff Paul Ill 4th step toward reform was to call a great council of hurt leaders to Trend.Catholic Bishops and Cardinals agreed on several doctrines 1) Church interpretation of the bible was final anyone who substituted there ideas was a heresiarch 2) Christians need faith and genuine works for salvation 3) The rule book and perform building traditions were both as sinewy for guidance 4)luncheon s were valid ex messions of faith Annul- Divorce was not allowed however the pope could annul the mirage which meaner to find test copy that the mirage was never legal in the first place Recant-to take back a statement you do about something Indulgence- you pay money for an indulgence and it will take away our sin Patron- pontiffs who beautified the cities by disbursal large amounts of money 95 thesis- Luther wrote 95 theses that he thought the church should change which lead to reclamation- a ordure for religious reform. His teaching had 3 main ideas 1) People could win salvation by hardly with faith in god, the church taught that faith and good workers were needed for salvation 2) All church teachings should be based on the bible.The pope and church traditions were false authorities 3) All people with faith were liken therefore people didnt need priests to interpret the bible for them Edict of Worms- King Charles declared Luther of an outlaw and heretic, no one was supposed to give him food or shelter and his books were to be burned. However Prince Frederick gave him shelter in a castle and people began to follow his sayings priests wore regular clothes and called themselves misters, led service in German not Latin and some ministers married, which created a new religious group called the Lutheran instead of seeking reforms against the Catholic Church.Protestant- A Christian who is not Catholic Peace of Suburbs- German princes decided if there state would be catholic or rottenest Act of Supremacy- English act of Parliament that recognized Henry octad as the Supreme Head of the Church of England not the pope Anabaptist- Believed that people shouldnt be baptized into the Christian faith as children because they were not old enough to decide if they wanted to be Christian taught that the church and the state should be separate, and they refused to fight wars.Viewing Anabaptists as radicals who threatened society both Catholics and Protestants persecuted them Peasants Revolt-peasants were excited by Lathers extremist ideas and demanded an end to serfdom. The revolt horrified Luther so Luther wrote a pamphlet urging the German Princes to show no mercy, the army crushed the revolt massacring over 100,000 people. Feeling betrayed by Luther many peasants rejected his religious leadership.However through his writings he remained influential People Igniting of Loyola- Catholic reformer, wrote the Spiritual Exercises that laid out a day by day plan of meditation, prayer, and study. The pope made Igniting a religious order called the Society of saviour Members were called Jesuits- concentrated on 3 ideas 1) Founded schools throughout Europe. 2) Convert non-Christians toCatholicism 2) Stop Protestantism from spreading Johann Gutenberg- Reinvented movable type and the create press- machine that presses paper against a tray full of inked movable type created the first completed bible called the Gutenberg Bible Johann Tested- Was raising m oney to rebuild SST. Pewters Cathedral in Rome, he did this by selling indulgences, he gave the supposition that by buying indulgences you could buy your way to heaven Martin Luther Against Tested for selling indulgences Wrote 95 thesis attack Pardon Merchants Believed you can to a greater extentover win salvation through faith and forgiveness of GodExcommunicated by Pope Leo X Charles V issued the Edict of Worms declaring Luther as a heretic, but Prince Frederick sheltered him in a castle Translated the New Testament to German Lutheran were his followers John Calvin Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion which verbalised ideas about God, salvation, and human nature Called the few people that God chooses to save the elect God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved-predestination Calvinist Ruled geneva, Switzerland with theocracy (government ruled by religious leaders) Geneva was a city of high moral because of how strict he wasHenry VIII Married to Catherine of Argon and has a daughter named Mary but wants a divorce so he can have a son to be the heir to the throne Pope refused to annul his marriage so he called unneurotic a session with the reformation Parliament and asked to pass a set of laws that ended the popes power in England Act of Supremacy made the king the head of the Church of England, not the pope Closed monasteries and increase total power Anne had a daughter named Elizabeth so he imprisoned her in a brood and beheaded her 3rd wife gave him his son, Edward ErasmusChristian humanist from Holland who wrote The Praise of Folly which made fun of stingy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests Believes in Christianity of the heart Wrote in Latin In order to ameliorate society, all people should study the Bible Catherine of Argon- Married to Henry VII never had a son so Henry wanted to annul the marriage at first the pope said no because she did not want to offend the Holy Roman Empire Charles V but later later on Henry VII put in the Act of Supremacy- Made the English King the head of church not the pope the marriage was annulled Pope Leo X- excommunicated Luther after 95 thesis Artists Donated- Made inscribes much realistic by carving natural postures and expressions carved the statue David Leonardo De Vinci- Artistic scientist, painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, A True conversion Man Raphael- Learned from Leonardo De Vinci and Michelangelo, Painted the walls of Julius II Library, Painted School of Athens, conveys the authoritative literature of the Renaissance and shows classical and Renaissance figures together Michelangelo- Sculpted David second, glorified the human body and explored Renaissance theme of human potential, minted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Scientific artist, true Renaissance man Jan Van Check- Italian Renaissance, Oil-based Paintings very realistic Writers Machiavelli- Wrote The Prince which said a prince must be strong as a lion and p enetrating as a fox, he might have to trick his enemys and even his own people for the good of the state, he was not concerned with the morally right but with the politically effective Castigation-published The Courtier with the help of Aviators cologne water Sir Thomas Moore- Christian Humanists, he was concerned with societys flaws, wrote Utopia about an imaginary land inhabited by a peace-loving people.In Greek Utopia meaner no place but in English it has come to mean standard place because of Mores book Vocal Perspective- AD art Vernacular- Native language Anglican- Anglican Church= only legal Church of England Elizabeth was head of Church Presbyterian-Followers of John Knox he was a preacher from Scotland whom spread the teaching of John Calvin and made Calvinist Scotland official religion Catholic Reformation- Helping Catholics remain loyal to the church Questions The Renaissance began in Italy because of thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of Greece and Rome. England lagged behind because of the bubonic plague and the 100 years war.A perfect Renaissance Man- Charming, witty, well-educated, Dance, sing, play music, write poetry, skilled rider, wrestler, swordsman, self-controlled Northern vs.. Southern Renaissance Art Northern Focused only on Religion about landscapes and the lifestyles of people Southern more blue Greek and Roman mythologies, about gods and goddesses Catholic Reformation took steps like having the Society of Jesus, Jesuits, and the Council of Trend to address the Protestant Reformation 4 movements that made up the Reformation . 3. 4. What changes did this bring to Europe? Of taboo books- Institutes of Christian Religion- Index Sarandon- Patriarch- Velasquez- What city was the center of the Renaissance? Florence, Italy What type of art was the focus of the Renaissance? naturalism (sometimes using Biblical scenes) The merchant family named Renaissance. Medici was important at the beginning of the Who led the split away from the Catholic Church in England? Henry VIII Why did England split from the church? The King wanted a male heir so he needed to divorce his wife What country did the Protestant reformation start in? Germany (Martin Luther in Wattenberg) How was the printing press crucial to Martin Luther? He could spread his tenets more expeditiously This movement resulted from the Protestant Reformation. It was an attempt to change the Catholic Church to better meet the needs of its followers. Catholic Reformation 1 .Reasons that the Renaissance originated on the Italian peninsula include all of the following EXCEPT the peninsulas A. geographical location B. Political organization C. Religion D. Social structure E. Economic structure 2. Which of the following is non a Renaissance value? A. Mastery of ancient languages B. Derogate of the arts C. Scholarly achievement D. technique in the military arts E. Civic duty 3. Renaissance humanism A. Devalued mastery of ancient langua ges B. Urged the development of a single talent to perfection C. Valued ancient philosophers as the final authorities on all matters D. Denied the existence of God E. Valued scholarship for its own sake and for the glory it brought the city-state 4.The belief that by cultivating the finest qualities of their beings, human beings could commune with God was a conclusion of A. Guileless B. Manipulations C. The lay piety movement D. The Catholic Church in Renaissance Italy E. The doge 5. Which of the following was not a factor that contributed to the Renaissance exquisite achievement? A. The patronage of the pope B. The invasion of Italy by the French C. The competitive spirit of competing elites D. The apprentice body E. The lack of separation between artistic and commercial aspects of the Renaissance art world 6. Which of the following did NOT enable the spread of the Renaissance? A. The Treaty of Load B.Manilas invitation to Charles VIII to bring troops to Italy C. The printing pre ss D. Students and teachers migrating in and out of the Italian peninsula E. The lay piety pavement 7. Renaissance art A. Was characterized by the fearful specialization of its artists B. Was characterized by religious subject matter C. Abandoned painting in favor of sculpture D. Was characterized by its concern for the human form E. Did not require patrons 8. Northern humanism A. Was less secular than Italian humanism B. Linked scholarship and learning with religious piety C. Criticized the notion that priests were required to realize the Bible D. Contributed to the Reformation E. All of the above 1 .