General Biology Ii Essay Example for Free

General biology Ii EssayIm giving you a lecture note template quite an than the ppt slides because the template takes less paper to print, includes tables that synthesize information from multiple slides, and includes blanks for you to fill in during in-class activities. IV. Practice examination Questions These are questions similar to ones I will likely ask on the exam. Some of the questions are from past(a) exams. V. Homework Assignment This assignment covers the latter half of ecology and the first chapter of this unit. I. Learning Goals Overarching Content GoalsStudents should be able to trace matter and vital force across scales (cellular to beingal to ecosystem) and to use the laws of conservation of matter and energy in their reasoning. * trace molecules as they enter an organism as victuals or the building blocks of food (i. e. CO2 in plants) and follow those molecules as atoms are rearranged into the molecules used and stored in the body, and as they exit an org anism and enter other organisms or the environment. * trace energy as it enters an organism as food or light (photoautotrophs) and should be able to follow the energy as it is converted to different forms (e. . chemical emf energy, heat) and trace energy as it exits an organism and enters another organism or the environment. * Explain body systems as mechanisms for transporting, transforming and conserving matter and energy (Ex. Discuss why temperature regulation is so important in plants and animals, and the costs and benefits of ectothermy and endothermy. )

Recommendations to Furniture Works on creating a global structure

Recommendations to article of furniture Works on creating a worldwide structureMultinational CompaniesA Multinational caller-up is defined as an enterprise which is operating in several countries but managed from oneness home state1. They confuse their headquarters in one country but operate on different countries k straightn as host country. Numerous causes of these organizations be Ford, public Motors, Dell, Microsoft, Google, Siemens etc.T here are obvious benefits for companies to expand their business to other countries. Few of them are cost advantages such as cheap labor, reduce transport and distribution cost, constant supplies of raw materials, and eliminate any sight barriers2.Companies which do business overseas face many challenges. Cultural challenge is one among them. As we nurture seen from experience companies which tend to do more research and spend time and enterprise to study and understand the ethnic differences is more successful than the companies wh ich dont do their home officiate. Let us take an example where Mr. X wants to expand his Pizza business from United States to India. The cultural difference ming guide with India and U.S is a colossal obstacle which needs to be studied by Hofstede cultural dimensional model. Cost structures, eating habits, trade barriers are a few(prenominal) important variables which needs to be studied before setting up an franchise. unrivaled must try to differentiate what are the major differences between U.S and Indian culture? How these differences are leaving to affect the business? What are the measures need to be taken to avoid these risks? What kind of work value-system do Indian employees follow? Is it different from U.S? In U.S they follow very competitive work ethical code which means profitability comes first. Mr. X shouldnt expect the same level of work ethic from Indian employees. He needs to be patient for the business to grow and yield profits. Next he must work on his brand. In U.S branding and creating a image to a community makes many loyal customers which he needs to work on with the new Indian market which will take time and motion and he should choose his advertisement carefully for Indian culture. Also Indians prefer traditional food so Mr. X should work on how he can market his fast food into the market3.The CEO, furniture Works,South London. U.KREPORT ON RECOMMENDATION AND REFLECTIONS FOR FURNITURE WORKS TO EXPAND ITS PRODUCTION ABROAD GLOBALYThis cross is for Furniture Works, South London, which is proposed to start Internet Sales. The company plans to establish its production function abroad. Initially it is functional and conducting business in UK locally but there are future prospects for global expansion plans.As a Management consultant, my functions involve examining and analyzing alternative organizational and communication system the main idea laughingstock this move is to develop a Virtual ORGANIZATION.With reference to the above all discussion and my evaluation here are my recommendation for effective Global structure for Furniture Works.Licensing- My first recommendation in leg of establishing business across the world for furniture works must get Revocable written nut or implied agreement by an authority or proprietor from the host country according to their Law. common Venture- My second recommendation for Furniture Works is to establish a Joint Venture with the local firms in the host country through this Furniture Works can formed to achieve its objectives of a fusion akin temporary and permanent arrangement between two or more firms for its business success.Consortia-My tierce recommendation for Furniture Works is Consortia its a Japans Term which means Cross ownership Agreement between Firms.For firms such as Furniture Works who want to expand their business internationally, it is inevitable for them to face the cultural challenge. Further I recommend following Business Strategies for Furniture WorksGlobalization Strategy- organization like furniture Works should go through the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become compound through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade.Multi domestic Strategy- Another powerful strategy for Multinational Company like Furniture work is multi domestic Strategy. This means production of business within local community. Production, supply, look for and development and marketing are established nationally where business is done. After the business is moulded and developed locally innovation comes into picture which means there is decentralization which being outsourced locally4.Global Challenges- till now the Furniture Work is managing its business in U.K. for going to start business and getting expansion as Virtual Organization the Furniture Works should be ready to face Global Challenges likecomplexness and differentiation with different cultures and nations.For making better business environment sometimes big organization have to be ready for integration with local organization at host country.While establishing business cogitate with different countries the Furniture Works should transfer its knowledge to local employees at host country.Finally I am recommending to the Management of Furniture Works how to Coordinate with its new companies worldwide.Global Teams- Furniture Works have to depend on teams working at international boundaries for the improvement of the business. In Multinational organizations such teams at the board level, product-development, and multi-cultural teams from various functions responsible for the global alignment of functional business processes.Headquarters Planning- Being an outside(a) Company the Furniture Works Headquarters must be in London, Which is its homeland country.Expanded Coordination Roles- Furniture Works should creating a supportive and enabling environment for the implementation its products selling in all those comp anies just about the world.Bureaucratic Organization- Very large organizations which are well structured and well defined may be termed as bureaucratic organization. The main elements of such as organization is standard use of protocols and procedure to finish a contingent task and high degree of control to make sure any particular task is performed to the standards5. There are two types of bureaucratic organization which are as follows,Standard bureaucratism These type of company normally do standard routine work where large technical staffs led by mid level managers led by senior management.Professional bureaucracyThis type of company also does standard work but relies on efficient performance and complex in personality where the company hierarchy has only few mid-level managers.Flat Organization Flat organization tends to have few level of hierarchy which means chain of control is short. This makes high level of employee involvement in stopping point making which increases team morale and spirit. This structure can be successful only in tenuous organization.Boundary little Organization This type of organization is of contemporary approach as they cant be defined or limited to or draws lines or boundary which is why the name boundary less organization came. Flexible and unstructured approach seems to be successful and many companies have started this approach after Jack Welch of GE coined this term.

Analysis Of Ground Zero Tourism Essay

Analysis Of drop anchor zero in touristry EssayIn this section the antecedent volition analyse the different shadowinesss of dark tourism and analyse the shade and bell ringerification of background home in and 9/11 autobiography Museum. In parcel of literature review, the reservoir already has fracturen disclose both primary(prenominal) justifications for them, they atomic number 18 commemoration aspires and sign of the ugly face of state of state of warf are on act of terrorist act. In this section, the cause bequeath contri excepte an in judiciousness compend these issues.Firstly, in previons section it is seen that dark exhibitions should be entire of education, so the educational aspect will be looked at frontly. As concourse known, grief will damage the physical and mental health of human, and they should pay much(prenominal) at extion on social activities, past memorises and get a vision for the future day (Parkes 2002). Base on this surm ise, domain nought and the 9/11 repository Museum they record the grief of 9/11 terrorist act attacks, but the innovative make of museum and re get on the conception parcel out focus is a sign for hoi polloi to regain the people who died in the attacks (memories of the past) and meet the new(a) life (vision for the future), so the build Zero and 9/11 biography Museum confirm Parkerss (2002) point of view, tell a set forthing people vividly round recital and grief, thence these two places are not just places for people to remember, but as well as a sign for people to start a new life.In appendition, in g al together overnment web identify of 9/11 annals Museum they cooperated with unfermented York City Department of rearing and the unexampled Jersey Com billing on final solution Education (2011) to make teaching jut outs to purport utile educational programs to offer development and knowledge nigh the events of 9/11, history of attacks, and the post 9/ 11 world. Meanwhile, they besides help people who take a crap befuddled people in the terrorism attacks out of the pain and grief. The political science web rate said they received legion(predicate) another(prenominal) parents capacity that they do not know how to teach their children the history around 9/11 and what happened in the 9/11 terrorism attacks, in this way the 9/11 annals Museum offer a plan on their website to on the whole parents, on how to tell the true history of 9/11 event to their children, and this information is all free. The objective is to face up to the history is necessary for the people, and e rattlingbody has a right to actualize the history, thus the teaching and learning plans of 9/11 repository Museum offer an feelin exit way for people to see their history. From these, the 9/11 record Museum tenderd a wealth of information is telling interpretors the dangers of terrorism, stay away from terrorism, against terrorism and peace loving, has a strong role in education. on that point is an differentwise reason for people to witness the real terrorism attacks in the museum that is museum cooperation with Story army corps to record the terrorist attacks of 26/02/1993 and 11/09/2001, which include the narratives from survivors, rescue workers, witnesses, service providers and other people impacted by these events, in that locationfore the museum tries to restore the historical truth (9/11 remembrance Museum website). Rogers and Soyka (2004) rede through an interview, that a survivors description, recording and voices from the scene, and externalises of the scene, are the best ways to show a true picture of 9/11. Based on these the priming Zero and 9/11 anamnesis Museum tells the real history which expands range of educational activities. Above menti wholenessd which not only shows education division of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, but withal expression the social function, that is restore the true history to people.T hrough education, they hope to denote the harmfulness of terrorism. The other major(ip) signifi gougece of the stain Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum is tell people how terrible terrorism is and how human will always oppose terrorism (Espiritu and Moore 2008). Based on the voice of survivors which is on exhibition in 9/11Memorial Museum, reveals the dread, alarm, helplessness, hopelessness and pain when the attacks happened (Miller 2011). Ground Zero is construct on the site of the domain work Center, and when people passage the site, they can see the ruins, which shows the destructive effect of terrorism. Meanwhile, the pictures in the 9/11 Memorial Museum show the whole history of 9/11 and pass 9/11, it tells visitors the true ugly features of terrorism and how beautiful peace is, and the visitor will be surprise through these pictures ( Bohland 2004). To view the various of all kinds of pictures, and hear the voices in the 9/11 Memorial Museum, as well as the ruins of the Wor ld Trade Center, both show people the danger, destructive and terrible side of terrorism.In addition, apart from except the above section, one of the major significance of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum is to provide a venue for people around the world to remember the 9/11, as well as to commemorate the people killed in this terrorism attack. After 9/11 in 2001, many visitors that go to the World Trade Center site have visited to grieve over the final stages. Especially in 9/11 2011, the ten years of 9/11 terrorism attacks, have seem the American people hold comment that memorial activities in the World Trade Center site. BBC News (2011) on that day many people went into the World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon and Pennsylvania to honour the victims. On September 10, condition US president George W pubic hair move a wreath to honour the victims and on September 8, there were two lights piercing the horizon from the World Trade Center site to honour the tenth ann iversary after the terrorism attacks. The 9/11 Memorial Museum was opened on that day (9/11 Memorial Museum website and NY1 news, 2011). The main 9/11 Memorial Museum chose to open on the tenth anniversary to honour 9/11 attack. That day, it opened for victims family and was opened to the e trulyday on 12/09/2011. Because many people go to Ground Zero to honour victims, in edict to reduce the traffic, as well as not to affect construction work around Ground Zero, thus the political sympathies built the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are centres of the people to remember the 9/11 terrorist attacks events.Another significance is the sign for the war on terrorism, as mentioned in the literature review. After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the American politics promulgated policies against terrorist, and the World Trade Center was seen as the centre of the terrorist attacks, thus the new construction on the site of the World Trade Center has become one o f the primary(prenominal) symbol of the U.S. establishment anti terrorism (Melnick 2009).Education, restore true history, shows terrible of terrorism and sign of war on terrorism are major significations related to these two sites. Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum play a very important role on the fight against terrorism, and full of social function (education people, restore history) and service function (provide the pictures, videos, voice to people and provide places for people to remember)Based on the significations and the shade of dark tourism mentioned in the literature review, in the attached section the author will use the tabularize 1 to analysis the shade of the Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum.4.2-2 Shade of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial MuseumReferring to the literature review, Miles (2002) writes that authors should view distinction between sites associated with death and suffering, and sites of death and suffering. Based on this theory, Stone (2006) gives an example of Auschwitz Birkenau as a site of death and suffering, but the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington DC is work to sites associated with death and suffering. Because the Auschwitz Birkenau is the direct place that the Nazi imprison and slaughterhouse the people, however, the US Holocaust Memorial Museum is a museum to memorial the massacre, it is a place to memorial the events, thus the shade of the Auschwitz Birkenau isdarker than the US Holocaust Memorial Museum. In Stones (2006) newspaper publisher, he suggests that,recent death and tragic events that may be transported in live memory through survivors or witnesses are perhaps darker than other events that have descended into the extreme pastBecause of this, those dark events like the Auschwitz Birkenau and the Ground Zero which can be described as darker because of them can be proved by the survival and living the place could arouse a greater smell out of empathy (Stone, 2006). As the abov e theories, the author considered the Ground Zero can be classified in darker and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is lighter than former, could be describe as dark. In the following part, the author will use table to analysis more details to explain why the Ground Zero is conk to darker and 9/11 Memorial Museum is darkAnalysis through the table 1 from top to bottom, the showtime one is about polities. As known after 9/11 terrorism attacks events, American government implementation of a series of anti terrorism policies, and the strength is more strong than before the 9/11 events. The main and appointed admit is to exterminate al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations. In 2002, the Bush administration will be the definition of state terrorism as the primary threat in the United States, and replace religious terrorism and be Iraq and Iran as the main terrorism base because who have weapons of mass destruction (CNN U.S. 2002). Followed by March 2003, U.S. government sent troop to Iraq and announces the Iraq was a part of war on terrorism, it opened the prelude of the war on terrorism, and in April 2003 the Baghdad the capital of Iraq was fell and the government of Saddam Hussein was dissolved. After 9/11 events, former American President Bush, G. W. operation with former President of Pakistan to against the Taliban government in Afghanistan (USA Today News, 2006). In 2005, American government to amend the anti terrorism policy, and requalification terrorism objects, from original single al Qaeda expanded to more than 20 makeups (Argomaniz, 2010). Meanwhile, American government established native land Security Department to build a safer and more powerful structure of the Homeland Security Department (Department of Homeland Security website). This series of policy changes is the 9/11 events brought to American government, in any expression ca utilize changes in government policy. Based on table 1, it shows if the site has a higher political square up it wi ll be trend to darker, thus Ground Zero as the events pump it should be belong to darker. However, the 9/11 Memorial Museum as a new building to remember the people death in 9/11 it not influence the polities, but why it is also classified in the darker or dark, it can not just analysis one aspect, it will be explain from other element of table 1.The next element will be analysed is education orientation. At the first of this part the author already mentioned the signification of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, it include full content of education. Based on above information, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are have high education for people, and the 9/11 Memorial Museum also offer many utile action to show the educational significance to visitors, and some project in museum could help the parents to teach their children, this is also played a significant role in the education of next generation. On this element, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are have a very strong education role, thus them should be part of darker.From history aspect, Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum both are record the history. In the table 1, it say of the sites are trend to darkest which should be the history centric and conservation of commemorative. As know, Ground Zero is build in the site of the World Trade Center, the new building is witness of this history of 9/11 events and 9/11 Memorial Museum collected many pictures, voices, stories and videos about that events, it the best save of that events, shows real history and also can restore the truth history for future generations. In term of commemorative, the author already gives out many factors to proved Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum full of memorable. It is worth mentioning that establish on the 9/11 Memorial Museum website the aspiration and thrill is purify remember and memorial people who death in 9/11 attacks. Consequently, there is no doubt that these two places main function i s memory. In this regard, they also trend to be darker.There is another side also can prove Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are pertain to darker. Based on shade of dark tourism, if produceion include perceived true it could be belong to darker. Although, Ground Zero is building in the site of the World Trade Center, the new building will recover the site, but the face of terrorist attacks at this site will not be changed and many memorial activates in here could engender a degree empathy to visitors. The overlaps in 9/11 Memorial Museum are the directly materials which related to the terrorist attacks, such as pictures of the scene of terrorist attacks, video recording of the World Trade Center which was attacked., photos of victims and people can share the story about 9/11 attacks, all of these are let people feel very directly of destructive of 9/11 attacks. These products of 9/11 Memorial Museum can make a strong resonance for visitors. Direct show 9/11 and make visitor s feel a real 9/11 are the feature of products in Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum.In the table 1, it mentioned the location authenticity. In this paper the author has been mentioned many times that Ground Zero is build in the site of the World Trade Center and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is near by the attacks site, in terms of location these two place are very close to terrorist attacks.The last one is tourism infrastructure and supply. The infrastructure is defined as basic facility and physical for an organization needed for operation or service to chalk up the function and aim (Jeffrey, 2009). After Ground Zero build, it will be use as credit line it must include many high level and complete facilities and infrastructure for people, in the 9/11 Memorial Museum, in order to provide a easily service to visitors the museum also use many high tech infrastructure. Concerned to supple of 9/11 Memorial Museum, the affair is very clear, that is to remember the 9/11 terrorist atta cks, as well as the victims. Based on these two aspects and table 1, Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum they are not trend to darker. However, consider the issued should from different billet to analysis and then conclude. Based on analysis from above, in the vast majority of aspects the shade of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are trend to darker side, thus the author consider Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are belong to darker in the shade of dark tourism.4.2 3 ConclusionIn this section, the author give out more details about the signification, shown that Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are full of memorable and historical dark tourism sites. It also a major symbol of the war on terror. Especially the 9/11 Memorial Museum, is very suitable for school and parents to educate the children abut the 9/11 attacks, and make them know how horrible the terrorism is, at the same time is the best place to memorial victims. Understand the shade could help the autho r depth understand Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum as a many-sided and complex tourism products. Based on Stones (2006) point, dark not means bad, the darker is closer to the actual event. In Stone (2006) paper says Auschwitz Birkenau can be described as darker. In this case study, the author based on elements of table 1 (the shade of dark tourism) to analysis Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum form many aspect and concluded Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are trend to darker that is rigorous and theoretical basis. Understanding of nature of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum, enables the author better analysis the strategies which Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum they used in operations, and help the 9/11 Memorial Museum better to extend to the goals and aim. In the next part, the author will based on these information which mentioned above and through the main strategies for Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum from 2001 to 2011 to depth analysis details about strategies of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum.4.3 Strategies of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum4.3 1 Differentiation strategyIn this section, the author will analysis the strategies of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum. In the table 2, the author summarized the main strategies which used during 2001 to 2011, from the table it shows the main strategies of these two places is rebuild and build a new building to memory which decided by American and New York government. In 2001, after 9/11 attacks, American government decided to rebuild the World Trade Center at the site and chop-chop began to implement this plan, in same year announced the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) as the functionary commission. From this, American government officially began the reconstruction of the World Trade Center. Meanwhile, in the same year, after 9/11 attacks American government published some anti terrorist policies, this mean America declared war on terror, and rebuild the World Trade Center is also a reflection of the war on terrorism. The strategy of rebuild the World Trade Center is not only to memory the 9/11 attacks, to revive the confidence of Americans, it is also a reflection of terrorism by the American government (Melnick, 2010). During these ten years, the other main construction strategy is build the 9/11 Memorial Museum. In 2004 the official commission Lower Manhattan Development Corporation decisions design the museum and in 2005 design the mission of museum. Determine of mission is also determine the characteristically of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Based on the 9/11 Memorial Museum website the museum has two main mission. The first is remembered and honor the victims by terrorists in the horrific attacks of February 26, 1993 and September 11, 2001 and this is a very important main mission of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. The second is respect this place made sacred through tragic loss. Based on the mission, it caused the author chose dif ferentiation and salute lead strategies to develop the 9/11 Memorial Museum which was mentioned in the literature review. In September 11, 2011, the ten anniversary of 9/11 the 9/11 Memorial Museum was opened for victims families and September 12, 2011 opened for public for memorial and the museum will open in 2013 (Cohen, 2012).These strategies are specific actions of American and New York government, the author considered that need more professional strategy framework to analysis the Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum and give out more details. Because Ground Zero will be as a business center in the future (Watts, 2009) and the memorial function is a part of it, thus in this section the author will pay more attention on strategies of the 9/11 Memorial Museum.Based on the mission and Porters framework (Evans et, al. 2003 pertain Porter, 1985) the author chose two strategies to develop the 9/11 Memorial Museum. The first one is differentiation. Evans et, al (2003) point tha t the main usefulnesss for differentiation strategy are the following four aspect. The first is the products will be sale by a premium price, because the product is different from others, thus the product could be as an advantage for the organic law and the price will add more value. The second benefit is demand for its product will be less price elastic than demand for competitors products, that means the product is in a class by the organisation, the organisation could decide the elastic of price by themselves. The next is average profits can be earned. And the last one is can create good milieu for entry the industry and new market. Distinctive product could help the organisation attracts more customer if the product meet the customers call for, and can be occupy dominant position in the competitive. Meanwhile, Evans et, al (2003) also give out the some suggestions for organisations to help them how to achieve a successful differentiation strategy. There are fin ways. The fi rst way is creating a superior product than competitors, which is means the product will be keen in the industry. Then is offer a superior level of service, the superior and characteristics of the product is important, but it is also very important for services, that include pre sale service, the services of sale, as well as after sales services. The third is the organisation should have a superior distribution carry, a good distribution channels could make the orgainsation occupy a better network and branches and will take more newcomer. The next one is creating a strong reproach sign, the status of the deformity image in customers mind is increasingly important. In the same price, or a little bit of price difference, customers often choose the product which has a good gull image. The last one is offer a superior onward motion, based on Evans et, al (2003) a successful promotion could give a very deep impression for customers, when they indispensablenesss to buy comp arable products, their mind will think of the organisations products first and the choice of customers will take precedence.In this case study, as the Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are nonprofit organisation, therefore main aim of them are not earn profit, thus the author will main focus on services, brand image and promotion to analysis.Primarily, the author will analysis the service of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. A high quality services could offer a good atmosphere to customers. In the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the organisatin should try them best to make a good environment for victims families and visitors memory. In this aspect, the 9/11 Memorial Museum offers many useful products for customers and also provides services for customers requirements. Firstly, the 9/11 Memorial Museum offers true information about terrorism attacks for visitors, it include pictures, video, stories from survival and others. In the website of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the author piece some peo ple ask them do not know how to tell their children what is terrorism and how to tell a real 9/11 attacks for next generation, the 9/11 Memorial Museum based on visitors needs to offer many documents about talk to children about 9/11, and cooperation with the New York City Department of Education and the New Jersey Commission on Holocaust Education to offer 9/11 lessons for people and to meet the mission of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. For visitors come to the 9/11 Memorial Museum the main purpose is to memory, based on this, the 9/11 Memorial Museum hold memorial exhibition, and the exhibition provide an opportunity for visitors to learn about the men, women and children who died on September 11, 2001 and February 26, 1993, the 9/11 Memorial Museum use a corridor to show photographs of the nearly 3000 victims form a wall of faces who died in the terrorism attacks to visitors. Visitor can better memory the victims through this way, and the wall of faces will help visitors more intuitiv e understand many people died in terrorism attacks and understand the destructive of terrorism. Not all the visitors can go to the 9/11 Memorial Museum to visit, in this reason, the 9/11 Memorial Museum use google earth to explore the 9/11 memorial within the context of the surrounding landscape of lower Manhattan. This is include mapping program, creates a practical(prenominal) look at the World Trade Center site, dimensionally accurate 3D model and other mean projects at the 16 acre site. This can better meet more peoples requirements who want to memory 9/11 and victims, and also provides a good platform for visitor to know about the 9/11 and ground terrorism.Then is brand image, as a memorial site the brand of 9/11 Memorial Museum is different from other organisations. The 9/11 attacks is the brand of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Refer mentioned above, the brand image could help organisation attracts more customers, but for the 9/11 Memorial Museum it not want to attract visitor s, it want to offer a real 9/11 to visitors. Frank (2008) refers that for a museum a strong brand image can be a major asset and should position of the institutional brand, and for a new museum it can try to establish with an unusual subject. For the 9/11 Memorial Museum, it for certain exhibition an unusual show. The 9/11 Memorial Museum as a one of the most important places to memorial of the 9/11, its position is unique. Mentioned 9/11 people would think about the World Trade Center and Ground Zero, and when mentioned where to memory the people will choose Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, in the other hands the purpose to build the 9/11 Memorial Museum is the government want to offer a dedicated place for memory. As a result the brand image of the 9/11 Memorial Museum is unique and it is a strong image in visitors mind who want to memory the victims died in 9/11 attacks. Frank (2008) also point out a good brand image can provide reinforcement of mission, operating stabi lity and increased revenue. In this theory, the 9/11 Memorial Museum in order to meet the mission, it should keep and maintain unique brand, and through offer real information about 9/11 attacks and high level of service to improve the brand image to make more people choose the 9/11 Memorial Museum to memory and understand the 9/11 attacks.The last one is promotion. As a memory place the main purpose it make visitors get more experiences from the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Carman (2010) points out the important thing for promotion to museum status is understand why do people visit museums at all? In this case study the author mentioned many times, the visitors go to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is in order to memory and understand the real 9/11 attacks, thus the promotion of the 9/11 Memorial Museum should based on the purpose to decided. Also based on the website of 9/11 Memorial Museum it not try to attract many visitors through promotion, it just use promotion to publicity how punishing and destructive of terrorism, and will bring huge damage for human. In this reason, the promotion for the 9/11 Memorial Museum is different from other museum, in the website the 9/11 Memorial Museum established a special pillar about 9/11 attacks, people could share stories in there. This special column offer a platform for survivor, victims families, and visitors to deep feel 9/11 attacks, in this column there are many stories shared, and it is a stiff way to stimulate people go to the 9/11 Memorial Museum to visit and to know more. Wherefore, the 9/11 Memorial Museum should show some experiences to people to motive them, make more visitors come to the 9/11 Memorial Museum, and achieve the aim for make more people understand 9/11 and approach the mission.4.3 2 Cost leadership strategyBased on Evans et, al. (2003) the benefits for an organisation through strategy of damage leadership are summarised as following aspects, the first one is the organisation could ear n high profits and possibility to increase both sale and market share in the industry. Then is help organization entry new market and particularly valuable in a market where customers are price sensitive. How to make this strategy successful? Refer to Evans et, al (2003) they give out some way to achieve this strategyreducing cost reduce cost is a effective way to occupy more market share, because the organisation has price advantage.using less expensive preference inputs reduce the inputs could make organisation ensure the price advantage, eg easyJet.Producing products with no frills, this way could reducing labour cost and increasing labour productivity.Achieving economies of scale by high volume sales the high volume of sales is a good way to ensure the profits.For the 9/11 Memorial Museum and Ground Zero, they are nonprofits organisations, but they have many partner to support them, especially for the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Through the website, the partners are including 9/11 N ational Day of Service, 9/11 Tribute Center, Project Rebirth, Story Corps and Voices of September 11th. All of them are helping the 9/11 Memorial Museum to enrich content. Evans et, al (2003) refer that the definition of cost leadership is organisation and managing its value adding activities so as to be the lowest cost producer of a product (a good or service) within an industryThe information from the website of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the budget for the 9/11 Memorial Museum funded by private and public funds, is $530 million, and in additional, New York State grant $80 million. A wide range of support for the government decided to build the 9/11 Memorial Museum to reduce the burden. Compare with other museums, the 9/11 Memorial Museum add and attach a lot of significance which was mentioned in the above. Special signification of historical and memorable for the 9/11 Memorial Museum makes this museum has a certain degree of competitiveness. Moreover, the 9/11 Memorial Museum pro vides various useful products, information and hold many activities (these are mentioned in 4.2 and 4.3 1) to meet visitors needs, all of these are make this museum as the choice to memory the 9/11 for many people.4.3 3 ConclusionThe 9/11 Memorial Museum as a nonprofits organisation, strategies for it not in order to earn money, the aim for these strategies are help the 9/11 Memorial Museum achieve the aim and mission. As a place for people to memory 9/11 attacks, the 9/11 Memorial Museum should provide a very high level and quality of service to people, and ensure the visitors could take experiences from the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Miles (2002) points outdark tourism site must engender a degree of empathy between the sightseer and the past victim (or product)For the 9/11 Memorial Museum, many products are collection by primary resources, such as photographs, videotapes, voice messages, recovered(p) property, clothing and other personal effects, workplace memorabilia, incident spe cific documents, and original writings including letters, e mails and diaries, all of them will stimulate visual sense, emotion, empathy and mood of the visitors. However, these strategies which mentioned above are useful way for the 9/11 Memorial Museum to engender empathy with visitors.In this section, the author anaysis how the differentiation and cost leadership strategies used in the 9/11 Memorial Museum, and give out the signification and functions of these strategies. Because of these strategies, which ensure the 9/11 Memorial Museum achieve the mission and the aim, and the continuous realisation of the aim and mission ensure the 9/11 Memorial Museum has been in a position to provide people with a positive sense. In the 4.1 the author analysis the blackball and positive of dark tourism, avoid the negative aspects and develop the positive aspect is very serious for a museum, in terms of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, keep the positive mission and follow the mission to decide str ategies could avoid negative aspects as much as possible.Chapter 5 ConclusionThis chapter aims to bring together and conclude the main findings and procedures of this case study.The author uses secondary research to collect the information and data and uses theory for analysis, starting with characteristics and properties of dark tourism, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum which include the nature, positive aspects and negative aspects, these analyse help the author achieve the objective about an evaluate dark tourism, and relate to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is closed to the case study.Then specific to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the chapter 4.2 analyse significance and shade of them. In this chapter the author began

Strategic Leadership In An Organizational Change Process Management Essay

strategic Leadership In An organisational modify Process Management EssayThe fall outing essay leave exactly discuss the determination of strategic idle wordsershiphip in an organisational agitate go victimisation relevant theories and example. The objective of this paper is to amount up with a solution of the m some(prenominal) challenges that occur in the work out of presidencyal reposition by means of implementing meet attractors. Organizational interpolate refers to a daub whereby an giving medication assumes a in the altogether schema in the flair it carries out its activities and prudence for better or removes a major(ip)(ip) class or an operational department (McNamara, 2011). strategical attracters on the opposite hand refers to the implementation of strategies in the charge of endureers in any organization. Organizations unceasingly go by dint of veer, at multiplication gradual and former(a) quantify drastic throughout their normal lif e cycle whereby organizational loss attractions whitethorn create inter smorgasbord driving forces indoors the organization. For example, radical falsifys whitethorn take federal agency in an organization leading to structural transubstantiation through which organizations attempt to revitalize business orientations through ever-changing the report structure. Other replaces, for instance, merger and acquisition, transforming the top management of an organization, reorganization and restructuring of the society whitethorn affect the organization enculturation and transites. Most of these revolutions in organization argon mainly meant to down size the size of the organization (Pryor et al, 2008).However, organizational deepen is non al managements cut acrossd dictatorially by the employees and the stakeh dodderyers thus it is a in truth challenging process (Appelbaum, St-Pierre Glavas, 2000, Pg 293). Most populate ar either hydrophobic or un leaveing to try out salutary-nigh(a)thing impudent and they whitethorn go ahead convincing their counterparts otherwise. In other instances, organizational falsify is viewed the likes of a threat by those who induce been used to the old carcass (Pryor et al, 2008).. For instance, when a certain un fur-bearing department may be scrapped from the community by the management, the employees feel threatened to loose their jobs thus resisting this falsify. This may lead to demonstration and if the leaders is non in truth c atomic number 18ful, they may end up frustrated and may even fail to achieve their objectives and goals. This is where leaders ought to reduce proper veer management in ordination to accommodate the views of separately party and to suffice proper decision which wont affect the boiler cause carry throughance of the organization (Thompsons, 2008, p5).When an organization is going through assortment, proper transmute management is vital in order to take the caller-up th rough proper and conquestful transition. This is a time when the leaders and the managers need to rehearse their leading fully. Leaders should be the bureau moulds and the trump out examples to the rest of the employees in the implementation of adjustment to show the positive pose and that careen is possible. asunder from action, they should explain the need for mixture to the employees, displaying the benefit and the importance of variegate in order to create a positive emplacement even as they work towards the commute. Once the employees find the attitude that their leaders earn towards the change, they depart be willing to distinguish more about the change and they will be motivated to participate more in implementing the change (Pryor et al, 2008). some(prenominal) theories will be discussed in the essay pertaining the organization change and change management. We will alike look at the frugal importance of strategic leaders in change management. This will be in simile to the Arabic nature of the organization culture.Strategic leadStrategic leadership involves use of strategy to manage workers in an organization (Cyprus, 2010, Para1). Strategy refers to a long-term platform of action that has been laid down by a company in order to achieve matched advantage, by contact the market needfully and the stakeholders competition, through proper combination of resources (Johnson Scholes, 2011). The basic strategy that managers employ in organizations is motivation of workers in order for them to be productive at the end of the day. For strategic leadership to be successful, the managers ought to be critical thinkers and to apply the theories of strategic planning. Leaders be the most important assets of the company since their mode of leadership determines the time to practice of the company and the productivity of the workers. Their input to the company and to the employees inspires them to take the appropriate action thus laying th e foundation for the future of the company (Cyprus, 2010, Para1).Strategic leadership works handy with strategic planning, competitive advantage and comparative advantage. Competitive advantage refers to an advantage an individual or a company has over his competitors by takeering right(a)s and services to the market at a lower opportunity follow (Annon, 2011). It is a system that tries to address some of the criticisms of comparative advantage which refers to the ability of a unbendable to produce wholesome-behaveds and services at a lower opportunity cost as comp argond to its rivals.Since competitors groundwork easily learn any strategic position, it has fix so challenging for leaders to maintain competitive advantage over their rivals. Also, there has been acute and drastic global competition and technological changes that take the leaders to be updated and we set with the current affairs in order to protect the future of their organizations. Strategic leaders are the refore eternally focused and looking ahead as surface as analyzing the consecrate to prepare the business for what may be ahead (Cyprus, 2010, Para1). The major reflection in strategic leaders is awareness of the market, current as well as possible future occurrences, critical thinking out of action, adaptability as well as growth oriented. They implement their leadership roles by info the employees to get things d 1 by combining resources in order to come up with the best results for the company (Cyprus, 2010, Para1) .Organizational revisionOrganizational change refers to a situation whereby an organization adopts a new strategy in the way it carries out its activities and management for better or removes a major section or an operational department (McNamara, 2011). Organizational change may also occur when the organization evolves through growth with time from what was established to something else after input of resources. This is the development that an organization gai ns as it grows and it is a major and very evidentiary process of organization change. Since no organization be static or the way it was established, the topic of organization change has start out a very common and widespread topic among business good deal as well as scholars (McNamara, 2011).Strategic leadership is very center in the process of organizational change in order to embrace this change in a positive and rewarding way as well as preventing negative meet of change to the company. Leaders and managers are faced with a challenging task to accomplish successful and signifi cigarettet change whereby some achieve beyond our expectations whereas others struggle a megabucks and fail.Reasons for organizational ChangeOrganizational change is brought about by contrastive reason, some of which are from the management whereas others are out of human control. raw(a) disaster and acts of terrorism are some of the major reasons that may cause about organizational change. The Ar abic community has been facing many of these kinds of hazards in their continents directly or indirectly which has made it important to embrace the culture of organization change in their organizations. For instance, the long time war in Afghanistan and Iraq has affected many organizations leading to implementation of new strategies and dynamics. This is because the terrorist attacks may at times target an organization in such(prenominal) a dash that it is not possible to continue with its medium culture. Also, major disasters in the fall in States have been associated with the terrorist groups in the Arabic community making it very gravely for the two parties to do business together thus need for organizational transformation to accommodate these changes.Change management theoriesAn organization must be in a position to understand the changes itmight be going through for it to manage it successfully, otherwise, any change is doomed to serious problem and failure. rough of the change management maneuvers acknowledge accepting the brief, diagnosing the change through investigation to be able to understand the change, managing the stakeholders carefully, planning for change by creating a bullet proof plan, managing change project by making it happen in practice, investing in means of crook the plans in to verity, designing the organization in such a expressive style that it will accommodate the changes and successfully move from the old organization in to a new organization, employing change techniques that will instill own(prenominal) change among the parties involved in the organization to make it easy in to reality and adopting the 4D change project framework that is good at managing organizational change projects (Annon, 2002-2011, Chapman, 2005-2010).Scholars have come up with various theories that explains change management some of which accommodate the action research hypothesis, Lewins tercet step modal, Scheins Extension of Lewins Change beat, The Lippit, Watson and Westley model of aforethought(ip) change which expanded Lewins Three-Step sham to a Five-Phase Model, Kotters Strategic Eight-Step Model, Mento, Jones and Dirmdofer.s Twelve-Step Model, Jicks Ten-Step Model and Shields five-step model (Pryor et al, 2008 Kritsonis, 2005). allow us look at some of the change management theories in details. put through Research ModelAction Research Model or Theory involves several and diversified tactic of implementing change. It involves a combination of changing the attitudes and behaviors as well as crosschecking and examen the change technique to be employed. Changing of attitude and behavior broadly speaking involves the leadership and the employee (Pryor et al, 2008). This is the very important set whereby the leaders and the managers ought to exercise their leadership and help their juniors in to the change process. This involves training the employees concerning the change process that may be required as well as giving them a good example by acting as their role models. At this stage, the management should take their time to let the employees and the stakeholders the importance, reasons and benefits of change process that needs to be undertaken in order to create a positive attitude in them and to conduct them morale towards wanting to learn more concerning the new change in the organization. This part of changing the actions and behaviors of the parties involved in the organization is action oriented because the ultimate goal is to make change happen.The other part that is covered in the action research theory involves interrogatory the change regularity being utilized. In this part, the leaders revolve or so trying different frameworks in a real situation as a means of testing or confirming whether the theories can restoration their objectives. They may also apply different theories in different situations they have identified in the organization that require change. The basic re quirement in this part is to understand the change it egotism in order to avoid perennial try and error but to identify the matching theory easily. at that place are three major stairs that lead to the implementation of the change through strategic leadership. It requires first to diagnose the need for change in an organization probably due to global and technological changes or any other reason. After identifying the need to do organizational change, it is followed by introducing an discourse and finally evaluation and stabilizing change. The above three stairs of change are consistent with the three steps to be discussed in the Lewins Model (Pryor et al, 2008)Lewins Model/ TheoryLewins model is characterized by three major steps of implementing change which include 1) Unfreezing the familiarise- This involves diagnosing the need for change in an organization. 2) The s step involves moving from the present by introducing intervention. This is where the parties involved stop use the old and the ordinary methods in running the organization and starts using the new changed techniques. 3) Refreezing- This is the final stage of action as securen in the Lewins Model and it involves final evaluation and stabilizing of the change process. This is where the organization community is now win over that the direction the leadership took is the best and the results may even be matt-up (Pryor et al, 2008).For the Lewins model to be significant and permanent it is important to carefully follow the above mentioned steps, otherwise, the impacts will be short lived. It is important to move from the present without giving room to the possibility of moving back. It is a be after change whose speed has drastically increased in the present day. However, the Lewins model can be applied in unplanned changes in a situation where there is a high probability that change will occur. For instance, in the cases of natural disaster like hurricanes, earthquakes and floods, the pro bability of change taking place is very high whereby, these occurrences happen unplanned. It is therefore possible to apply this model on preparation of a disaster to take place in some unknown time. In most cases, the public may not be willing the changes proposed by their leaders whereby the three stages are not carefully followed and this results in damages when the public is caught unawares (Pryor et al, 2008).Scheins ModelThis theory is an extension of Lewins Model which describes how the three stages of action should be implemented. It describes on the best methods of unfreezing, moving from the present and freezing. Schein describes that for unfreezing to work, or diagnosing the need for change in an organization, in order for muckle to embrace the change, they must first see the need for change, whereby they are not satisfied with the prevailing status quo. This is where people start seeing the difference between the existing state and the anticipate state. Once people rea lize the kerfuffle between what is prevailing and what is expected, they are motivated to work towards change in order to bridge the gap and achieve their goals. In order to achieve or accomplish the craved goal, people must be assured that taking the action of change wont humiliate or frustrate them in any way (Pryor et al, 2008).The second stage of organizational change involves moving or changing from the present to the future or the expected goal. Schein identifies this stage with cognitive restructuring which helps people adopt a different view of event from the present to the future. He describes that for cognitive restructuring to be rough-and-ready, people must identify with new role models as well as acquiring new and relevant information pertaining the new changes to help them move forward (Pryor et al, 2008).The third stage of organizational change according to the Lewins model of change management is the freezing stage. This stage is involved in stabilizing the change making it permanent and ensuring that it is not short-lived. In his description over this stage, Schein has divided this stage in to self and relation with others. He describes that for the change to be stable and permanent, people must personally adopt the changed way of doing things and make it comfortable and usual to work out things using that method. In relation with others, they must ensure that their attitude and behavior are aligned towards the new system permanently (Pryor et al, 2008, p9).Lippitt, Watson and Westleys intricacy of Lewins Change ModelThis model expands and changes the Lewins model by making the steps of change five instead of three. The five stages of the expanded model include unfreezing, establishing a change descent, moving, refreezing and finally achieving a terminal relationship (Pryor et al, 2008, p10)Kotters ModelKotters model of change management is an eight soma theory whereby severally step lasts a certain period and mistakes in one phase can a ffect the success of the whole plan. This model is best suit in strategic leadership and strategic management whereby through changing the vision of an organization, it is possible to change the vision of the organization. The eight phases of Kotters model include 1) Creating a sense of urgency 2) Proper handling of the resistant groups 3) Creating a plan of action 4) Proper communication of change to the organization 5) Doing the inevitable training pertaining the new idea 6) Short terms rewards to those who have embraced change 7) Process evaluation and implementing the necessary changes 9) demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success change to reinforce making the change permanent (Pryor et al, 2008, p10). authority of Strategic Leadership in Organization ChangeStrategic leadership involves the application of strategy in the management of an organization. In this case, leaders are very instrumental in ensuring that organizational change establi shes and is permanent. There are different types of leaders some of which cannot be able to see through a process of change small-arm others are very good at it However, due to specialization, the two kinds of leaders to discussed briefly below are necessary in an organization setting in the process of change (Centre for Creative Leadership, 2005, p1).The charismatic leader- This kind of a leader has personal pure tone and ability to mobilize and sustains a n activity in an organization. During the process of change, a charismatic leader, through personal action and perceived personal characteristics, is able to mobilize the employees and sustain an efficient adoption towards the new dynamics. A charismatic leader can easily change an individuals values, goals, needs and aspirations. though he is the popular kind of a leader, his leadership is observable and definable since his behavioral characteristics are very clear. A charismatic leader has three major components envisioning, energizing and enabling which are very key in the process of organizational change (Schneier, 2011, Pg 281).Instrumental leader- This kind of a leader ensures that every person in the management team as well as all the employees follow the proposed simple eye of change to ensure that the process is consistent and permanent. He invests in building of competent teams, clarifying the line of action to his team, both leaders and the employees, building in measurements and administration of rewards and penalty depending on how individuals handle the process. An instrumental leader ensures that the established process of change is not short lived but lasts permanently (Schneier, 2011, Pg 281).Effective organizational transformation requires both charismatic and instrumental leaders. A charismatic leader is good at generating energy, creating commitment and directing individuals towards the new approach of the organization. An instrumental leader eurs consistency in the adoption of te ne w organizational approach. Let us look at some of the roles of strategic leadership in organizational change management (Ireland Hitt, 2006, p63).As mentioned earlier, organization change is not always embraced positively in an organization. In this case, strategic leadership should be capable of introducing the news about change in a very professional and conducive way to ensure that the parties involved receive them positively (Heller Bonno, 2006). This includes proper prior training, workshops and acting as role models to the rest such that the rest of the people are motivated and are eager to learn more and adopt the change. It is necessary to introduce the process of change in piecemeal to reduce chances of resistance (Appelbaum, St-Pierre Glavas, 2000, pg 294).Once the organization is aware of the intend change and the means and dynamics of implementing change, it is the role of leaders to ensure that the procedures are carefully followed. This involves consistent monitorin g and evaluation of the employees, rewarding those who do well to motivate them whereas those who entertain laxity are faced with the appropriate repercussion. If the leadership is consistent with monitoring and evaluation processes, adoption of the new leadership techniques may take root very easily and the employees will forget the old system and get used to the new one (Schneier, 2011, Pg 281).The effectiveness of the management affects the success of change management a great deal. During the initial stages of a change process, a leader ought to be envisioning such that he is able to create a picture of the future which people can identify with and work towards its achievement. People are more likely to be committed when working towards a common goal (Schneier, 2011, Pg 281).Another role o a strategic leader is generation of energy and motivation of workers in the organization to motivate them to work towards the set goal. The common method a leader may use in energizing the emp loyees is through demonstration of personal excitement through personal contact with the organization employees. Once employees identify the self-assertion in their leaders, they may not oscillate to be involved in the process of change (Schneier, 2011, Pg 282).Furthermore, strategic leadership is responsible of helping people psychologically to be able to perform when faced with challenges. After everything has been done for the employees and is set to do the work, it is important to give them emotional support in times of need. A good leader should be able to listen to his employees, understand their problem and participate in coming up with a solution. Employees tend to have more confidence in that kind of a leader whereby a charismatic leader is better suit for this position (Schneier, 2011, Pg 282).Economic importance of strategic leadership and change managementStrategic leadership in change management has got its own benefits in the overall community of the organization. So me of its benefits towards the organization include, providing the round with direction and focus, Forming the basis for objectives and strategies, Inspiring positive emotions about the organization, Ensuring unanimity of solve and Helping resolve divergent views among employees. It is the basic core of an organization that determines success or frustrations in it (Bondenm, 2009).However, strategic leadership may at times be biased and fail to provide the benefits thats meant to bring in an organization. For instance, the strategic vision to be effected by the leaders may lonesome(prenominal) be favoring the interests of the leaders while failing to consider the interests of the subordinate and ordinary employees. Also, senior executives use failureprone practices, may engage in or condone unethical conduct, may pay modest or no attention to productivity, quality, and innovation, may allocate time and money unwisely and may apply too much intuition and too little rational analys is (Bondenm, 2009).ConclusionStrategic leadership and change management are two very close areas which are very interdependent. Change management can be very frustrating and at times disappointing if it is accompanied by poor leadership. To have proper and effective organization change, it is necessary to employ good management whose source is from the leaders. This is wherefore it is important as the essay pertains, to learn the relationship between the two, including the theories describing them, their economic importance as well as the role of strategic leadership in change management.Every organization has its culture and in this event case, the organization change must be in line with the Arabic culture. This is because each community has its own beliefs which are different from the rest in the whole globe. However, since diversified kinds of people are likely to work within the organization who may not be necessarily Arabs, it is important to have policies and changes within the organization that are open to the global and technological changes.Organizations always go through transformation throughout their life cycle. This is because an organization starts when it is low-pitched and as people continues investing in it , it continues growing and there may be need for change in one area or another. Also, the prevailing global and technological changes have got so much impact on the well being of an organization. For instance, introduction of the internet has reduced the serviceman in to a cyberspace whereby most of organization needs to adopt these changes. Technology has also reduced the need of so much custody since most of the work can now be done using the machine. This has led to drastic organizational changes whose goals I mainly to downsize the companies. This results to laying off of staff whose solution has been brought about by the introduction of 24 bit working shift that ensures that work is done all the time.Organization change may eith er be planned or unplanned. H planned change s mainly mean to improve the conditions of the organization while the unplanned depends on its nature. For example, natural unnatural disasters r not planned and the change enforced by them may not be positive whereas technological and global effects impacts organizations positively and they are not planned. Strategic leadership is very important in managing both of these changes to ensure that their results ar always positive.Several theories have been laid down to show the relationship between strategic leadership in change management. When learnt keenly, it is clear that change involves stages which leaders should overlook carefully since a mistake in one stage of change may affect the overall results of the change process. It is also clear that the leaders should be in the front line in the implementation of the change process. Firstly, they should be the role models to the rest of the organization they should make proper communicatio n to the people and should ensure that the employees stick to the set plan to ensure consistency.Though strategic leadership has got many benefits, it does not escape a few challenges that affect the effectiveness of the change process. For example, there may lack proper leadership to implement the change process or the change may be biased. Also, the community may resist change making it hard for them to achieve their goals. Through proper leadership and proper prior preparation, It is possible to prevent negative results in a change process.

How To Write An Economics Essay

How To Write An Economics EssayINTRODUCTIONWriting on any try topic can be a daunting task. the likes of most English compositions, an essay has a beginning, middle and an end. It is the way in which most students are taught to think somewhat essay writing, firsting with the dissertation education and then building an argument for or against the statement. Lets face facts, not every(prenominal) students are born writers and struggle with the radical of writing an essay and possibly even fear the desire. Where does unitary begin, curiously with the task of writing an Economics essay? Any writer specialising in academic writing would suggest starting with an understanding of a sub-subject free-base within the Economic realm. It may be that the course suggests what to write about and this provide help with clarification purposes. Essay writing and writing in general can be a scary, personal task and iodin must find a comfort level with the subject first. nigh subjects are easier, softer to write about and the subject of Economics is not actually wholeness of them.The dissertation or premise of the essay must be right on target and backed up by taciturn resources. Once one decides upon a sub-topic, it is best to figure out the dissertation. sole(prenominal) then can one proceed to the next step of gifting the funding evidence. This would be step two. Once the evidence is presented, then in fiat to score extra marks, it is everlastingly a good idea to present the thoughts and suasions of the opposition. From there, the essay can gain strength and the writer can start to present an original concept to the reader. It is in the latter part of the essay where one can take charge of exploring ones ideas on the topic and establish his or her voice. This allows a nature progression toward the end as the essay summates its of import ideas and possibly leaves the reader with new questions and thoughts on the matter.FORMULATING THE THESISThe essay sh ould have a strong, precise thesis statement. The thesis statement defines the essay, what it pass on be about and how the body of the essay will form to prove the thesis as true or false. The main objective is to remain focused on topic and have a thesis statement that can be researched as a relevant, online topic. It is always grievous to stick to the thesis and stay on topic. As a writer, sometimes tangents develop and it is important to stay away from the slog of essay writing. Always keep in mind, does this sentence, this paragraph answer the thesis? Is it relevant to the topic and discussion? By sticking to a relevant, present-day(prenominal) topic or suit, for instance the American Bailout of Corrupt Financial Institutions, this not only allows ones own opinions to form except as swell a solid argument to evolve. Essays should have passion once the thesis has been established and can be supported.WHERE TO LOOK FOR INFORMATIONHalf of the difference of opinion is won once the thesis takes shape and one has a mend idea of what to discuss. It is time to start searching for information to support the thesis. In this day and age of telecommunications technology, email and the Internet, the most popular and accepted personate to start research, one would think, would be online. Use discretion here and obey the professors guidelines. Sometimes Internet sources, even the most up to date are misleading and counterfeit. For the subject of Economics, especially with a global, multi-national baksheesh of mess, it is best to start with a reputable magazine called The Economist. Here one will find the highest quality of information on the current event of the American Bailout. There is an online version, but in like manner a trip to the depository library is encouraged. From there in order to get a feeling of the conflict of such a current event, look to highly reputable multinational newspapers like the London Telegraph and the New York Times. Since the Bailout has been a political issue, one can also read the Washington Post. One must always question the asperity of the source. Part of being a good writer is constantly questioning the information and looking for answers where one would least post them.PRESENTING DIFFERENT SIDESThe quality of research also allows the writer to present unalike views as a means of exploring the thesis and even testing the validity of the thesis. The essay could even result in presenting facts that allows the thesis to be discredited. This also allows the writer flexibility and suggests they are not afraid of critical retread. research and writing about the opposition carries weight because it allows the essay a sentience of balance. Here the local view on the topic is important to review and surmise. This is where the original idea and discussion can formulate. The local level view of the issue allows for passion but also gives a community voice. It is a good idea to read editorials but al so get the view of the average person. From here, a flood of thought processes can result and by outlining the exploration allows the writer to pinpoint important elements of each view. This creates an elegant modelling for the thesis to live but also presents thoughtful relevant ideas.THE authentic IDEAThe idea that every essay should have an original idea is the scariest part of formulating the thesis and body of the paper. Will this happen at all? Sometimes it can be difficult to be in the lookout that it can. Have others thought the same? Possibly but do not hold back. Pressure really haunts the process of original writing. It is important to outmatch ones self into thinking. A lot times, people fatality to only focus on the thesis and accurately supporting the thesis. A good professor of any subject but especially note subjects should encourage steps toward original ideas and creativity.CONCLUSIONA conclusion will act to summarise the purpose of the essay and restate the thesis statement as if to remind the reader about the subject and relevance of the topic. It is important to maybe leave the reader with thought provoking ideas as well as a sense of being finished. For this purpose, this essay acted as a means to instruct one how to write an economics essay but also offered insight on how to become a better writer.

Freedom is an illusion

Freedom is an illusionBrief 106213Freedom is an illusion. Discuss.Roger Scruton at one time remarked that there atomic number 18 two sources of the meta physiological conundrum of valet de chambre existence one is consciousness, the former(a) one is independence. (Scruton 227). Philosophers feature long been perplexed by call into questions of savedom and essential in sympathetic animation. This essay leave focus on paradise philosophy which has given a formidable response to those who maintained that independence in the social domain is a chimera. Amongst Enlightenment philosophers Im small-armuel Kant has probably theorise the most consistent and compelling argument for the existence of hu mankind freedom and it is his apprehension of the intricate connection betwixt liberty and autonomy that will receive most attention in this essay.Philosophers have often approached the have it off of human freedom from two different angles. First, they often conceptualised free dom low the rubrics of the absence or presence of constraints in the social sphere. Political philosophers have mainly engaged in this version of theorising freedom. The question they asked is most poignantly captured by Rousseau who nones that the real mystery of freedom is how we can be in chains and still regard ourselves as free (Rousseau 181).While doubting Thomas Hobbes considered freedom a matter of external impediments to an intended arrangeion, Rousseau extended this radicall of impediment by querying whether social pr exploitices and laws should consequently be perceived as constraints and how we could possibly justify the existence of much(prenominal) laws and rules. Rousseau accepted that rules may assuage the varied co-operative schemes amongst strangers. Yet, he argued whatever laws of society clearly required few justification, one that was rooted not in tradition but in reason. He writesthe problem is to find a form of association in which each individual, era uniting himself with every, may still obey himself alone, and anticipate as free as before. (Rousseau 191)The second, and arguably more philosophical scene which philosophers formulated however takes a more fundamental view of human life. It does not concentrate on the various external constraints which may act as obstacles in our multifarious pursuits of life, but whether we have the capacity to act freely at all.David Hume framed this viewpoint when he explored the relationship between reason, passion and movement in his work A Treatise of Human Nature. In an insightful passage he notes that reason may be instrumental in identifying the connections between causes and effects, but essential inevitably fail to endure to the objects of our will. He thereby sets the tone of the argument which Immanuel Kant took up scarce decades afterward with such analytic precision. Hume notesNothing can oppose or moron the impulse of passion, but a contrary impulseWe speak not stric tly and philosophically when we talk of the combat of passion and of reason. Reason is, and ought solely to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any early(a) office than to serve and obey them. (Hume 415)And in a famous sentence, Hume draws the group conclusionTis not contrary to reason to prefer the destruction of the unharmed world to the scratching of my finger. (Hume 416)But if Humes radical scepticism as to the influence of reason on individual volition was correct, ar we condemned to go wherever our passions and impulses take us? Kant was at pains to point come forth that human life possesses an honourable quality which cannot be grounded in the procreate desires and urges that individuals happen to find themselves in. Any viable notion of moral manners must(prenominal) presuppose a capacity to reason and, critically, assumes a notion of freedom that we cannot deny anybody else. Freedom is a prerequisite of ethical behaviour. Kant model that Hume ha d overlooked an essential dimension of the relationship between passions and human action. Although he granted that desires and impulses that are contingent upon circumstances may generate the goals of human conduct whether or not we pursue a once set object of desire or a certain course of action crucially depends on its compatibility with the most fundamental moral law, the categorical imperative, which is the rule to act on no other saw than that which can to a fault have as an object itself as a universal law. (Kant 63)This leads Kant to shut that freedom is the most fundamental category of social existence for those that are capable of rationality. As Scruton notes, for Kant freedom is the presupposition for the applicability of the moral law (Scruton 234). However, if this was all there is to Kants argument he would only have presented us with another reason why we ought to assume that individuals act freely when they dissemble morally.First of all, Kant reminds us that as humans we are at once part of the world of nature and of the world of reason. As to our impulses and desires that we happen to have, we are part of the animal world. We understand them in terms of necessity, generated by physical circumstances. No moral standards apply. It matters little whether we approve of being hungry or sleepy ethical maxims cannot alter our state of affairs in any strange way. As such, human beings are subject to the natural laws that sway the domain of nature. We cannot suspend these laws even if we disapprove of them.On the other hand, however, man is a creature that is capable of rational thought and as such he has given himself laws to live by. These laws are often arbitrary, but Kant intends to show that there is at least one law that regulates human life which possesses universal applicability. The issue Kant has to confront is one that echoes Rousseaus dilemma of how to lenify laws and freedom. For Kant, his question is under which conditions ind ividual agency can impose norms and rules onto itself while still remaining to be unfettered by extraneous circumstances. For Rousseau it was the question of identifying those laws of society that would accommodate individual (external) freedom with legal constraints.Kant challenges us premier of all to consider under which conditions we can speak of a free will. He argues that human volition must be self-determined to be in all likelihood considered as free. If the will is subject to extraneous circumstances or influences if ceases to let loose itself freely in our actions. In this scheme of things, freedom can only be preserved if the moral laws that individuals endorse and accept as their counselling are such that they can accept them voluntarily (Kant 57-58).Kant notes that man may come to approve of various rules of social co-operation for a variety of reasons, many of them ethically more obscure than others. What may appear to be actions make out of benevolence may turn out to be do with a personal benefit in mind. Kant is adamant that we cannot accept any rules for spurious or ethically nebulous reasons. Accepting a maxim out of selfishness does not produce a goodish, but a morally flawed norm. Equally, adopting a morally hazy rule even with best(p) intentions cannot lay the foundations of a just society.In a brilliant analytical sequence Kant guides us to the solution of this problem The only truly good entity, he argues, is a good will (Kant 14-15). It is only determined by itself and so accepts no other authority than itself. In fact, it produces true legitimacy of human conduct. Now, any inherently good will must distinguish that there is only one maxim that reflects accurately the notion of an ethical norm Kant writesAct only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that it should become a universal law. (Kant 38)Kants argument provides us with a formidable justification for assuming that freedom is the necessary and indisp ensable condition of human existence given that man has the capacity to act upon the commands of reason that is the categorical imperative. He writesNow I affirm that we must attribute to every rational being which has a will that it has also the idea of freedom and acts entirely under this idea. (The individual) must regard itself as the author of its principles independent on foreign influences. Consequently, any individual must regard itself as free. (Kant 65)For Kant, being human is tantamount to being free. alone freedom guarantees that we can plausibly speak about moral responsibility. And although Kants argument in favour of the categorical imperative has attracted much criticism, his idea of freedom and individual autonomy still offers us a remarkable benchmark in normative ethical theory.David Hume (1989). A Treatise of Human Nature. 1739. redact by L.A. Selby-Bigge. Oxford Clarendon.Immanuel Kant (1949). Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals. 1785. Indiana polis New York Liberal Arts Press.Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1973). The favorable Contract and Discourses. 1762 Translated and introduced by G.D.H. Cole. London Everyman.Roger Scruton (1997). Modern Philosophy. A Survey. London Arrow.

Childrens exposure to TV violence

Childrens exposure to TV force massive consummations of TV exposure to violence tin dirty dog create aggressive manner in children. In many cases children of different ages atomic number 18 exposed to TV programs that arent suitable for their age groups. Many of these programs contain high volume of violence and children are exposed to them for an excessive hail of duration without parental supervision. This can be a factor in building a hostile bearing in a child.Not all told TV programing is intended for all auditions. More children are reflexion programs that are non intended for their ages. There is an excess of violence, sex, and swelled topics in TV programs. Children are more exposed to these topics with a click of a remote subdue eddy. It is rattling easy for a child to visualize these types of programs because they are comfortably available at different hours of the twenty-four hours. A parent whitethorn opine that during the early hours of the day television programs whitethorn be directed toward children but this may non always be the case. Ratings have been implemented in order for parents to keep control of the television programs their children image.Programs are identified by evaluates switch offd by The National Association of Broadcasters, the National Cable Television Association, and the exploit learn Association of America. These ratings are known as TV enatic Guidelines. These ratings can identify violent programming. They appear at heart the first 15 minutes of a TV program except for news, sports, and some wrinkle channels. The Federal Communications Commission (2009) states The ratings are as followsTV-Y Directed for children within the ages of two to sixTV-Y7 Directed for children of seven years of age and curedTV-Y7-FV Directed for the same age group as the previous rating but with the difference that it may contain fantasy violence.TV-G Suitable for all ages but not necessarily a childrens sho w.TV-PG Parental guidance is suggested and may not be suitable for young children.TV-14 Suggests that the show may not be suitable for children downstairs the age of 14.TV-MA Directed specifically for adult take ining and children under the age of 17 are pep uped not to view this program.Programs similar Sesame Street are rated TV-Y and are directed to an audience from the ages of two to six years of age. This program in particular teaches erudition skills to children magical spell it entertains in an appropriate manner. When parents let their children watch programs with this rating, they can know secure that their children will not be exposed to any violent, familiar or adult topics.Children watch TV programs for a large period of time. The Keiser Family Foundation (2006) stated More than four in ten (43%) children under 2 years old watch TV either day and nearly oneness in five (18%) watch videos or DVDs every day. What this tells us is that most of these children d ont incur in any outside activities and their master(prenominal) source of entertainment comes from television and video games. Children under the age of 2 watch television on a daily basis. This is a very early start for children to get accustomed to a television set.The side by side(p) table represents the amount of hours children spend watching television, playing video games and employ computers. (Amy B. Jordan, PhDa, James C. Hersey, PhDb, Judith A. McDivitt, PhDc Carrie D. Heitzler, MPHc , 2006). Children between the ages of nine and ten are at the highest aim of television watching, while children between the ages of six to 7 years are at the lowest level. This table to a fault shows that while children become older, they also include playing video games and using computers in addition to watching television. The amount of hours spent in front of a screen increases with age. telly games and computers also contain violence.The American Academy of Pediatrics (2006) stated Pediatricians recommend to parents that they decide childrens total media time (with entertainment media) to no more than one to two hours of quality programming per day and to remove television sets from childrens bedrooms. With this amount of limited TV violence, children will be less prone to macrocosm affected by the aggressiveness and hostility shown in these types of programs. Children who are perpetually exposed to TV violence at an early age may create a hostile sort that will progress into their adulthood. rough behavior in the early childhood years has been repeatedly associate to violence in later youth and adolescence. (Dimitri A. Christakis, MD, MPH, Frederick J. Zimmerman, PhD, 2007)The way to address this issue is mainly with the interaction of the parents. A child looks up to the parents for guidance and they are the primary source of mentoring. Parents postulate to be involved in the lives of their children. It is all-important(prenominal) that they provid e love and affection, along with communication and guidance. They need to spend time with their children in activities that will promote good behavior while creating a bond. Alternative activities should be rai conform tod to substitute the use of television. Parents need to set the fount in providing healthier activities to share with their children. The American Academy of Pediatrics (2009) stated Parents are powerful role models. If you want your child to read more, that is what you should do. If you would resembling him to go outdoors for some physical activity, invite him to do so as part of an enjoyable family exercise program.Parents should foment new(prenominal) activities like sports, music, and literature. It is a good idea to promote activities that can be salutary physically and mentally. There are many types of programs that children can enjoy while interacting with other children of the same age. Parents on a limited budget can look for free activities sponsored b y their community. They can sign their children in a reading class at the library or a childrens sports team at their local community center. The main focus on this is to limit the time children will spend watching violence on television versus participating in other activities that are more beneficial to them.Also, the hours a child spends watching television and the type of programs they watch should be controlled by the parents. In fact, devices like a V-chip have been created to monitor and block the programs children watch. This device allows parents to block programming they dont want their children to watch. This is measured by the rating issued by The National Association of Broadcasters, the National Cable Television Association, and the Motion Picture Association of America. Programs with ratings of MA will be blocked by this gadget. This is a very useful took because it permits parents to schedule ahead of time the programs their kids can watch and will provide them with a sense of relief that their children cant watch inappropriate programming. The website for the Federal Communications Commission (2009) has information regarding this V-chip and explains how to use this device. The website for them is http//www.fcc.gov/.It is extremely important for a parent to explain to children that the violence they see on television is not unexceptionable behavior and should not be imitated. A parent can inform their children that the majority of the violence they see on television and the reaction to this violence is seen by society as proscribe behavior. Parents need to encourage a sociable behavior in their children at an early age. While violence is an issue that affects society, children should be taught that this is not unexceptionable behavior.Nevertheless, if a child has already developed an aggressive behavior other measures should be put into action. Parents may want to seek the services of a professional such as a school Counselor or a Psycholog ist, to help deal with the hostility. In addition, the involvement of all family members may be helpful in trying to control this type of behavior. It is a family issue when there is an aggressive child in the house because this behavior could eventually affect everyone in that house.Finally, it is very important to say that not all television programming is unacceptable, or that it will affect the behavior of a child. Some programs are educational and will foment acceptable behavior in children. Violent TV programming will foment aggressive behavior in children and should be avoided. Children need entertainment in their lives but parents need to substitute television with activities that can stimulate them physically and mentally. Exposure to television should be reduced to a minimum and parents need to be more involved in the lives of their children. After these measures are taken, parents should see improvements on their childrens behavior.